Physical Resources - 1545 Words

Introduction: In our assignment we choose Bahrain specialist hospital to describe his physical resources . In this hospital there are different kind of department and we choose one of these department which is x-ray department to describe and explain there of his physical resources. Task 1: The physical resources that we choose are: (1) Building and facilities: Building is the place used by a business for its operation. building plays an important role in the image of a business . so the Bahrain specialist hospital geometric shape of the building suggests psychological comfortable for the patent there are signs on the road that indicate the location and†¦show more content†¦Of course , the management also has a major responsibility in operations management to plan for efficient working of staff and machine utilization. Organization can compute machine productively also to compare out put over a period to know about the productivity levels. Productivity is the level of output (goods manufactured or services provided) in relation to the cost of producing the products or service. (A) The performance of three physical resources that we choose is building facilities, Plant machinery. First of all the performance of building must be comfortable for patient, also the hospital have a lot of rooms should be organized with the number of patient in a proprat way. For example it should be have large room that have available many beds .between the beds should be have enough space between them, to let patient move between them easily. The passages should be huge, have good lights the ventilation should be available signs to lead patient to the place or floor they want. Also in the rooms there should be available to the patient different kind of facilities like clean toilet, television so the patient do not feeling bored. Scand the performance of equipment resource like: Beds mattress should be strong, fullyShow MoreRelatedPhysical And Technological Resources Used At Heaton Manor1136 Words   |  5 Pages Physical and technological resources used at Heaton Manor Both the physical and technological resources need to be managed carefully in Heaton Manor. Physical resources include the building, maintenance and security of the premises. However, the Technological resources include the physical equipment and designs and drawings. Physical Resources These are the resources that the business needs to maintain in order to carry out its activities. They include things like the buildings, facilitiesRead MoreEssay on UNIT BA490 COURSEWORK manage physical resource1477 Words   |  6 PagesManage physical resource Outcome 1 Explain the importance of using sustainable resources: Sustainability means more than merely lasting or surviving; it means designing and delivering health care that uses resources in ways that don’t prejudice future health and wellbeing.The importance of using sustainable resources is to protect our natural resources. Using sustainable resources and materials is good for the environment and it is cost efficiently. Explain the potential impact of resource use onRead MoreManaging Physical Resources737 Words   |  3 PagesRole Of A Resource Manager The successful resource manager is someone with the ability to do a number of things well.   Obviously, they need to have top-notch people skills and be able to effectively set and articulate performance goals and standards.   They need to be able to evaluate individual performance against those goals and provide meaningful and constructive feedback to the people that they manage.   They also need to be mindful of team dynamics (the strengths and weaknesses of the individualsRead MoreThe Role Of The Moe On Physical Resources804 Words   |  4 PagesChapter Two Literature Review 1. Examine the extent to which policy of the MOE regarding physical resources are adhered to by the school management team. Within the Jamaican society, the educational system is largely governed by the Ministry of Education and Youth; an entity responsible for policies, regulation and reform surrounding education. The Ministry is geared towards meeting public expectations and standards outlined for various levels of the system (Standards for Educational InstitutionsRead MoreThe Importance Of Physical Resource Management784 Words   |  4 PagesMelbourne, VIC. Enman has the experience and a special methodology to work with remote industrial sites, including overseas, such as China, Korea, Japan, Philippines and Indonesia. Our normal hours of operation are 9am-5pm weekdays. The physical resources we will be providing are our consultants and team leader, with supporting service for communication. The site visit will normally be conducted by the team leader and one energy consultant. Enman expects the Department to arrange liaison withRead MoreManaging The Human, Financial And Physical Resources Of A Hotel1191 Words   |  5 Pageshave chosen is Hotels. This is an organisation that I am very familiar with as I work part-time in a hotel. It is important to manage the human, financial and physical resources of a hotel. Thus, hotel management is concerned with activities that relate to employees (human resources), money (financial resources) and facilities (physical resources). Planning, organizing, directing, and controlling the activities of a hotel are accomplished with and through people. For these different applications areRead MoreP3: Describe the Main Physical and Technological Resources Required in the Operation of a Selected Organization696 Words à ‚  |  3 PagesInsurance Insurance is a type of physical resource. Insurance is a resourec that protects businesses from losses due to any type of events that can occur during the normal course of business. There are many types of insurance within businesses. these include, insurance for a property damage, insurance for legal liability and insurance for employee-related risks. Some of these Insurance are used within Topshop. This is used within the business as it allows them to reduce the financial impact ofRead MoreP3 Describe the main physical and technological resources required in the operation of your selected organisation1129 Words   |  5 Pages Tesco and Resources Tesco use both physical and technological resources. Physical resources are resources that are available to business organisations in the form of buildings and other machineries needed for the day to day running of the organisation. A few examples would be: Buildings and Facilities: All businesses need buildings which they control from, this can range from someone’s front room, or tower blocks all over the world, buildings play an important role in the image of a businessRead MoreP3+M1 – Describe and Explain the Main Physical and Technological Resources Required in the Operation of a Selected Organisation917 Words   |  4 PagesUnit 2 P3+M1 – Describe and explain the main physical and technological resources required in the operation of a selected organisation The business which I am going to choose is Tesco PLC. Physical resources are resources that are available to business organisations in the form of buildings and other machineries needed for the day to day running of the organistaion Building and facilities; * all businesses need premises which they operate from, this can range from someone’s front room,Read MoreBUSINESS STUDIES unit 2 - p3, m1, d11488 Words   |  6 Pagesmain physical and technological resources required in the operation of a selected organisation. M1 – explain how the management of human, physical and technological resources can improve the performance of a selected organisation. In this assignment I will describe the main physical and technological resources required in an organisation, and how the management of human, physical and technological resources can improve the performance of Tesco. Physical resources Some of the main physical resources

Is Insanity Normal Essay - 3468 Words

Is Insanity Normal? Works Cited Missing We’re all mad here. I’m mad. You’re mad -The Cheshire Cat from Lewis Carroll’s Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland Have you ever questioned your sanity? Have you ever wished you could change, for even one day, and be the person that others wanted you to be? Have you ever actually made that change, either by choice or by force? Do you think you’re normal? Maybe you’ve lived the most normal life you could imagine. Or maybe not. Maybe you’re life is so abnormal and outrageous that you don’t wish to be normal. Have you ever questioned your sanity? Introduction Insanity appears in various forms and we all know how to mentally picture it. We can create clear images of insane individuals in our†¦show more content†¦Everyone experiences its symptoms differently, so, clearly, we should not classify any two individuals together. Unfortunately, madness is defined by stereotypical ideals and not as an accepted difference. It has become the inability to be sane. We have a clear distinction between sane and insane. Most would agree that we consider the former, normal, and the latter, abnormal. As John Dupre, author of, Normal People, wrote, The idea that there are normal and abnormal ways for people to be and to behave is a very familiar one. So also is the idea that abnormality- or deviance- is something regrettable, deplorable, and even, in some cases, punishable (221). Depending on which category one fits into, he or she may be effortlessly accepted or completely rejected. The way we define insanity obviously pushes away differences. Because society seems exclusively to accept those who act within a narrow range of barriers and not those who act outrageously, anyone who does this runs the risk of being considered unnecessarily mad or insane and, unfortunately, this may sometimes result in him or her being committed or banned from society. As Lennard J. Davis author of Constructing Normalcy states, †¦the problem is not the person with disabilities, the problem is the way that normalcy is constructed to create the ‘problem’ of the disabled person (9). The fact is that society has created a stigma that establishes,Show MoreRelatedThe Insanity Defense And The Defense1428 Words   |  6 Pages The insanity defense was first used by U.S. Congressman Daniel Sickles of New York in 1859 after he had killed his wife s lover, Philip Barton Key. The insanity defense asserts that a criminal defendant should not be found guilty due to the defenda nt s â€Å"insanity,† but insanity in this context refers to a very specific dysfunction. The theory behind the defense is that a person who is insane lacks the intent required to perform a criminal act because the person either does not know that the actRead MoreWhy We Crave Horror Stephen King Analysis1004 Words   |  5 PagesCaught up in our lives, we all begin to lose our sense of feeling like a normal person. By watching the peculiar events and characters in a horror movie, a person can replenish their normality. Stephen King offers another example from a horror movie that compares humans to the ugly personae in a horror movie--â€Å"Freda Jackson as the horrible melting women in Die, Monster, Die!† (King, â€Å"Why We 1) makes us feel, to put it bluntly, normal. King continues to use this example to prove we are â€Å"light- years fromRead MoreReview Of Ken Kesey s One Flew Over The Cuckoo s Nest 1603 Words   |  7 Pagessanity and insanity are affected b y many different aspects and according to common knowledge, insanity has a direct correlation to mental illness. Likewise, sanity seems to have a direct link to what is considered normal. One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest by Ken Kesey describes the connection that both insanity and sanity have to mental illness and the people that suffer from it. Furthermore, it describes how the people who work in the mental ward are connected to how sanity and insanity are perceivedRead MoreNot Guilty By Reason Of Insanity847 Words   |  4 Pagesreason of insanity is defined as â€Å"a verdict rendered by a jury in a criminal case that finds that the defendant was insane at the time of committing the crime as determined by application of the rest for insanity used in the jurisdiction compare guilty but mentally ill...† (FindLaw Legal Dictionary). This means that someone who has committed a crime cannot be tried as guilty for the crime at hand due to the determination that the defend ant is â€Å"insane†; â€Å"a state of mind that prevents normal perceptionRead MoreFrankenstein, By Mary Shelley1544 Words   |  7 Pagesthis concept and gives us her interpretation of it. Throughout the novel, both characters undergo a series of experiences that build on each other, which consequently leads them to their insanity. Shelley’s use of the characters’ personal experiences in her novel Frankenstein, explicate the triggers of insanity. Victor Frankenstein’s pursuit of knowledge creates an obsession that ultimately consumes him. Victor, who even as a young child â€Å"was more deeply smitten with the thirst for knowledge,† wasRead MoreInsanity Plea Essay example1098 Words   |  5 Pageswith the verdict of not guilty by reason of insanity. About a year before, Hinckley shot Ronald Reagan because he was infatuated with the famous actress Jodie Foster. He thought shooting Reagan would impress her and lead her to fall in love with him. After the verdict was announced, the public responded with dismay because they felt as though Hinckley should pay for what he had done. Following the uproar, the United States revised and limited the insanity plea with the hopes that fewer people wouldRead MoreFrankenstein, By Mary Shelley1544 Words   |  7 Pagesthis concept and gives us her interpretation of it. Throughout the novel, both characters undergo a series of experiences that build on each other, which conseq uently leads them to their insanity. Shelley’s use of the characters’ personal experiences in her novel Frankenstein, explicate the triggers of insanity. Victor Frankenstein’s pursuit of knowledge creates an obsession that ultimately consumes him. Victor, who even as a young child â€Å"was more deeply smitten with the thirst for knowledge,† wasRead MoreEffects of Isolation in the Yellow Wallpaper1245 Words   |  5 PagesThe Effect of Isolation Through out the story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper,† written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, and the film, â€Å"Santa Sangre,† the main characters finds themselves led into a state of insanity. In the story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper,† the narrator explains that she is suffering from post partum depression, leaving her husband to treat her with rest cure or bed rest. During this time, she is placed in a solitary room with walls covered in yellow wallpaper. Similarly, through out â€Å"Santa SangreRead MoreThe Mentally Ill1679 Words   |  7 Pages Throughout history, human societies have had conflicting views on insanity and how it is defined in life. Primitive cultures found peace within shamans and witch doctors because they believed the insane were possessed by evil spirits. From then on, in Roman and Greek cultures, there was a somewhat progressive ideology that mental illness came from biological and emotional ailments. They believed in treating those with mental disorders humanely and respectfully which is an attitude that has beenRead MoreThe Insanity Plea For Pleading Insane1616 Words   |  7 PagesOver the years the abuse of insanity plea, has troubled our American Justice System in our world today. The growth in this defense has increased so much that the expansion has asked the question; whether or not insanity plea is a worthy and justified defense to be used in the courts. The Insanity defense is when a criminal defendant can be found to have been legally insane when that defendant committed the crime they did at the time. In some cases, the criminal defendant pleads insane and gets a

Capital Structure Question Solution Free Essays

string(55) " of the restructuring is captured by the shareholders\." FINE 3100 Problems for Midterm – Additional Capital Structure Problems Question 1 Belgarion Enterprises Asset beta, the riskiness of the firm, can be found as the weighted average of the betas of its debt and equity, where the weights are fraction of the firm financed by debt and equity: ? A = D/V ? D + E/V ? E = . 5 ? 0 + . 5 ? 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Capital Structure Question Solution or any similar topic only for you Order Now 4 = . 7 To find the beta of the firm with no debt, find ? o or ? u using the formula for levered equity: ? E,L = ? o + [? o – ? D] D/E ( 1 – TC) Rearrange to find ? o = ? E,L + ? D D/E ( 1 – TC) 1 + D/E ( 1 – TC) Since the debt beta is zero, the equation simplifies to: ?o = ? E,L = 1. 4 / ( 1 + (. 5/. 5) ? (1 – . 4) ) = . 875 1 + D/E ( 1 – TC) The asset beta is higher if the firm has NO DEBT, in the otherwise perfect financial markets world. The firm with debt has an asset that the firm no debt does not: the interest tax shield. The riskiness of the tax shield is lower than the riskiness of the firm’s operating assets (its business risk). In fact, in this case, the interest tax shield is riskless because the debt is riskless. The beta of the levered firm’s assets is lower than beta of the unlevered firm’s assets. Remember, bankruptcy is costless in this problem. If bankruptcy is not costless, the result may not hold – by increasing leverage, the probability of bankruptcy goes up and therefore the expected costs of bankruptcy increase. In this case, the firm’s riskiness may well increase with leverage). Question 2 Little Industries a) Current market values EL = 300,000 ? $3 = $900,000 Value per bond: (. 05 ? 1000)/. 1 = 50/. 1 = $500 Total bonds: D= (. 05? 100,000)/. 1 = $50,000 VL = D + EL = 50,000 + 900,000 = $950,000 b) Current required rates of return Debt: rD = 10 % (given) Equity: rE,L = (EBIT – I) ? (1 – TC) = (270,000 – 5,000) ? (1 – . 4) = . 1766666 = 17. % EL 900,000 WACC = (D/VL) ? rD ? (1-TC) + (EL/VL) ? rE. L = (50,000/950,000) ? .1 ? (1-. 4) + 900,000/950,000 ? .177 = . 1708 c) For case of perpetual debt: VL = Vu + Tc D Therefore: Vu = VL – Tc D = 950,000 – . 4 ? 50,000 = 950,000 – 20,000 = 930,000 NOTE: another way to solve for the unlevered firm value is to first calculate the unlevered cost of equity and then use it to discount the unlevered firm’s cash flows 1. Unlevered cost of equity Recall: rE. L = r0 + (r0 – rD) D/E (1 – Tc) Rearrange the formula for r0: 0 = [rE,L + rD D/E (1 – Tc) ]/ [1 + D/E (1 – Tc)] = (. 177 + . 1? 50,000/900,000 ?. 6)/(1+50,000/900,000?. 6) = . 1741935 VU = EU = EBIT ? (1- TC)/r0   = 270,000 ? .6/. 1741935 = 930,000 d) (i) After restructuring, the firm will be 30% debt financed. Let D* be the total debt after refinancing and VL* be the total firm value after refinancing. It must be true that: D* = . 3 ? VL* Since VL = Vu + Tc D, then VL* = Vu + Tc D* Substituting for D* VL* = Vu + Tc . 3 ? VL* Solve for VL* (1 – . 3? TC) VL*  = Vu VL*  = Vu/ (1 – . 3? TC) = 930,000/ ( 1 – . 3 ?. 4) = 1,056,818. 2 And D* = . 3 ? VL*  = . 3 ? 1,056,818. 2 = 317,045. 5 EL* = . ? VL*  = . 7 ? 1,056,818. 2 = 739,772. 7 (ii) By issuing new debt and retiring equivalent value of equity, total firm value increases VOLD  = 950,000 VNEW = 1,056,818. 2 Increase in firm value = 1,056,818. 2 – 950,000 = 106,818. 2 Since the required rate of return to debt is unchanged, we can assume that all of the benefit of the restructuring is captured by the shareholders. You read "Capital Structure Question Solution" in category "Papers" On the announcement of the proposed restructuring, the total value of equity will increase by the increase in firm value: Value of existing equity on the announcement = 900,000 + 106,818. 2 = 1,006,818. 2 New share price = 1,006,818. 2/300,000 = $3. 356 To figure out the number of shares repurchased, first figure out the dollar value of the new debt issued: New debt issued = New total debt – previous total debt = 317,045. 5 – 50,000 = 267,045 Shares worth $267,045 are repurchased, at $3. 356 per share Total shares repurchased = $267,045/$3. 356 per share = 79,572 shares Share remaining = 300,000 – 79,572 = 220,427 (iii) New required return to equity Method 1: rE. L = r0 + (r0 – rD) D/E (1 – Tc) = . 17419 + (. 17419 – . 1) ? (317,045. 5/739,772. 7) ? .6 = . 193 Method 2: Interest on total debt, I = . 1 ? 317,045. 5 = 31,704. 5 rE,L = (EBIT – I) ? (1 – TC) = (270,000 – 31,704. 5) ? 1 – . 4) = . 193 EL 739,772. 7 New WACC = . 3 ? .1 ?. 6 + . 7?. 193 = . 1531 e) (i) Because the model assumes bankruptcy costs are zero, it does not consider the potential downside of increasing leverage. With bankruptcy costs, the expected costs of bankruptcy increase with leverage, offs etting the benefit of reduced taxes. (ii) Given D* = 317,045. 5 and Interest = 31,704. 5 EL = (EBIT – I) ? (1 – TC) = (270,000 – 31,704. 5) ? (1 – . 4) = 571,909. 1 EL . 25 Total firm value: V = D* + EL = 317,045. + 571,909. 1 = 888,955 Now, taking into account the impact of the bankruptcy costs, on the announcement of the increased leverage, the firm value FALLS: Change in firm value = 950,000 – 888,955 = -61,045 New equity value on the announcement = 900,000 – 61,045 = 838,955 New share price on the announcement = 838,955/300,000 = $2. 80 Share price falls from $3 to $2. 80!!! Therefore, the restructuring is a bad idea if the new required rate of return to equity rises to 25%. Question 3 Mighty Machinery Initial situation: market value of debt = . 08? 50m/. 08 = 50 m market value of equity = 8 m ? 20/sh = 160 m market value of firm = 210 After Restructuring: Assume that all change in value is borne by the shareholders. So the loss of the tax shield will impact shareholders only. Value of lost tax shield = Tax rate ? change in debt = . 35 (-10m) = – 3. 5m New firm value = old value + value of tax shield = 210 – 3. 5 = 206. 5 m New debt value = old debt + change in debt = 50m – 10 m = 40m New equity value (at the actual restructuring date) = new firm value – new debt value = 206. 5 – 40 = 166. 5 m New share price: Given that shareholders bear all of the impact of the reduced tax shield, given efficient financial markets, the value of the equity will fall by 3. m ON THE ANNOUNCEMENT of the plan. Thus, at the announcement, total equity is worth 160 – 3. 5 = 156. 5m or $19. 5625 per share ($156. 5m/8m = 19. 5625). Another way: the NPV of the restructuring is -3. 5m, which is all borne by shareholders. The change in share price will be -3. 5m/8m = -$0. 4375, giving a new share pric e of $20 – . 4375 or $19. 5625. ii) Shares issued = $10m/$19. 5625 or 511,182 Check: final share value/new number of shares = 166. 5/8. 511182 = $19. 5625. (iii) Use the formula: rE = r0 + (r0 – rD) D/E (1 – Tc) Rearrange the formula for r0: r0 = [rE + rD D/E (1 – Tc) ]/ [1 + D/E (1 – Tc)] = [. 5 + . 08 ? 50/160 ? (1-. 35)]/[1+50/160 ? (1-. 35)] = . 138181818†¦. Then New rE = r0 + (r0 – rD) (new D/new E) (1 – Tc) = . 138 + (. 138-. 08) (40/166. 5) (1-. 35) = . 1429 The restructuring causes rE to fall, as expected. The leverage is lower, the risk of equity is lower, shareholders’ required rate of return falls. b) You answer this question! Question 4 NOTE: This was a particularly tricky question. Part marks were given for wrong answers. Assume that it is valid to use the CAPM†¦this is ok, given the perfect financial markets assumption. Need to get all of the components of WACC: rD = current yield-to-maturity, 9% Market value of D = (. 08 ? 2. 5m )/. 09 = 2. 22222m TC = 35% What about value of equity and cost of equity Use a competitor to figure out†¦the closest company to GLC is All Lawn Chemicals. The most complete way to go is to figure out the unlevered cost of equity of All Lawn (reflecting the business risk), and value GLC at this rate. This will give us the unlevered value of GLC. Next, use GLC’s current capital structure to get GLC’s levered value of the firm and its equity. Next calculate the cost of equity, given GLC’s current capital structure†¦. 1. Find unlevered cost of capital for All Lawn Use the same rearrangement of the cost of equity formula in question 6: rE = r0 + (r0 – rD) D/E (1 – Tc) Rearrange the formula for r0: r0 = [rE + rD D/E (1 – Tc) ]/ [1 + D/E (1 – Tc)] Use CAPM to find current rE of All Lawn: rE = rf + ? ? MRP = . 075 + 1. 2 ? .07 = . 159 r0 = [. 159 + . 09 ?. 3? (1-. 35)] / [1+. 3? (1-. 35)] = . 14774 Value of firm for GLC  : V L = OCF ? (1 – tc) + tcD RU V = 1. 5M * (0. 65) + 2. 222M*(0. 35) .1477 VL = 7. 37892M Value of Equity for GLC: VL = Ve + VD = 7. 37892M = 2. 222M + Ve Ve = 7. 37892 – 2. 222 = 5. 1569M Ve = 5. 1569M = y R equity = (OCF – Interest expense)(1 – tax rate)/ Value of equity = { ($1. million – . 08x$2. 5 million) . 65}/5. 1569= . 163858 =16. 39%. OR 1. Find unlevered cost of capital for All Lawn Use the same rearrangement of the cost of equity formula in question 6: rE = r0 + (r0 – rD) D/E (1 – Tc) Rearrange the formula for r0: r0 = [rE + rD D/E (1 †“ Tc) ]/ [1 + D/E (1 – Tc)] Use CAPM to find current rE of All Lawn: rE = rf + ? ? MRP = . 075 + 1. 2 ? .07 = . 159 r0 = [. 159 + . 09 ?. 3? (1-. 35)] / [1+. 3? (1-. 35)] = . 14774 2. Value of Unlevered GLC Vu = [OCF – Taxes] / r0 = [1. 5 ? (1-. 35)] /. 14774 =6. 59943 3. Value GLC with its current capital structure VL = Vu + Tc D = 6. 59943 + . 35 ? . 22222 = 7. 37721 4. Value GLC’s equity and its required rate of return Thus: EL = VL – D = 7. 37721 – 2. 22222 = 5. 15499 and rE = r0 + (r0 – rD) D/E (1 – Tc) = . 14774 + (. 14774 – . 09)? (2. 22222/5. 15499)?. 65 = . 1639 5. Calculate GLC’s WACC Wacc = (2. 22222/7. 37721)?. 09?. 65 + (5. 15499/7. 37721)?. 1639 = . 1322 Question 5 a) False. Although often increases in firm value increase equity value, it is not always the case. When debt is risky (that is, there is a chance that the debt will not be paid the full promised interest and principal), improvements in firm val ue may go partly or totally to debt holders. This means that the debt has become less risky: there is less chance that the bondholders won’t get the promised interest and principal repayments. An example: when a firm is in financial distress, a value-increasing investment may only increase the value of the debt – and none of the value goes to shareholders. See kit and also the Barclay, Smith, Watts article. b) False. All that is necessary for the risk of equity to increase is that the firm’s operating cash flow be variable. Whenever you add the fixed interest payments, the result is to intensify the variability of the cash flows to shareholders (they get paid only after the fixed payments have been made to the debtholders). Look at the kit, – risk of equity increased with the addition of debt – and there is no chance of bankruptcy in this example (debt is riskless – no matter what state of the world occurs, the debtholders get their promised payments). c) False. For this answer, assume perfect financial markets and keep the firm’s investment and borrowing constant. If you don’t make these assumptions, then we have to make other assumptions about the state of the financial markets. These ones make our story easy). It is true that a shareholder may have to sell shares at the bottom of the market to create homemade dividends. But if the firm increases its dividend, they too will have to sell shares at the bottom of the market!! If we assume that the firm is currently payi ng out the money they have, the rest is tied up in investment plans and no new borrowing is made, if the dividend is increased, THE FIRM WILL HAVE TO GO TO THE MARKET AND SELL SHARES to pay for the higher dividend. The risk of selling shares at the bottom of the market has not gone away and shareholders still get stuck with it – either they pay for it directly when they sell their shares or indirectly when the firm brings in new shareholders who pay less for their shares than if it had been the top of the market. So this is not a valid reason why the firm paying a dividend will increase firm value. d) Uncertain. What the answer depends on is whether the bond holders anticipated correctly the chances and costs of distress/bankruptcy. If bondholders correctly anticipate distress and the costs associated with it, they will pay less for the bonds than if the costly distress did not occur. Shareholders end up paying the costs – because the company gets less for the bonds sold – raising the cost of debt financing. Of course, if bondholders do not correctly anticipate the distress, then they share in the costs. e) THIS IS A POST MIDTERM QUESTION True. Cost savings are much more likely to be achievable than revenue increases – firms have control over their production process but not over their customers. f) False. This question is very much related to a). Shareholders will not be willing to contribute more money to positive NPV projects when the bulk of the benefit goes to bondholders. See the references in a). g) True. The messy formula for the impact on firm value of adding debt when both personal and corporate taxes are considered is outlined in the kit. This happens when (1-TB) (1-Tc)(1-TS)†¦.. Translating: 1-TB is the after-all-taxes cash flow of a $1 of bond income, (1-Tc)(1-TS) is the after-all-taxes cash flow of $1 of equity income (because first corporate taxes are paid and then personal taxes on equity income are paid). If investors get less in their pocket, after all taxes, when $1 of bond income is paid then after a $1 of equity income, they won’t want the firm to borrow – pay only dividend income and less total taxes (corporate plus personal) are paid. Firm value will be lower if the company borrows!!! h) True. This follows from the â€Å"free cash flow problem† discussed in Barclay, Smith and Watts. A company with lots of cash but few investment opportunities (low growth) puts management into temptation: spend the money on projects they like but aren’t necessarily positive NPV. For such a firm, a high dividend payout (high dividends/net income) and high interest and principal obligations keeps the cash out of the hands of manager and gives them fewer opportunities to make negative NPV investments, increasing the value of the firm. i) True. Given these assumptions, adding debt creates a new asset: a tax shield. The tax shield is a â€Å"gift† from the government, increasing the firm’s after-tax cash flows. This tax shield is lower risk than the assets of the business – it depends on the riskiness of the firm’s debt (and we assume that the tax rate doesn’t change). Thus total risk of the levered firm is lower than if it is unlevered (the levered firm has the same business risk plus the lower risk tax shield – the overall risk is lower). j) THIS IS A POST MIDTERM QUESTIONS False. All valuation methods requiring assumptions to be made. Earnings capitalization is a simpler valuation method than discounted cash flow– but it is loaded with strong assumptions about the future cash flows/earnings such as constant growth, constant dividend payout and unchanging capital structure. ) True the firm will have received the cash without having to issue new shares, however, the firm will also have missed out on raising equity when these warrants are not exercised and the warrant holders (and other potential investors) are disappointed and may not invest in this firm in subsequent rounds of equity financing if they were not able to benefit from their warrant purchase. Warrants are not like call options. With call options the firm in not involved in the transaction. With warrants the firm’s reputation and ability to raise financing is affected. How to cite Capital Structure Question Solution, Papers

Waste Disposa in Bauleni Compound free essay sample

TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE 2. Acknowledgements 3. Dedication 4. Introduction and Background 5. Location 6. Problem Statement 7. Aims and Objectives 8. Methodology 9. Primary and Secondary Data 10. Limitations ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS DEDICATION INTRODUCTION â€Å"Since the beginning of time people have needed to find a way of disposing of their trash† (Bassis Luke). Proper garbage disposal is important to ensure everyones safety from possible health hazards. The improper waste disposal of garbage is a major sociological problem today due to its capability of contaminating the area in which we live and it’s potential to be lethal to all living things. Its effects increase the risk of adverse health effects in humans and animals, causes damage to eco-systems and accelerate the destruction of our environment. The more waste we generate, the more we have to dispose of. Bauleni houses many people and businesses hence many foreign people come to the area and leave lot of litter. So to say, the residents are the ones that are responsible for cleaning the area. It is true that they do clean the area but the litter or garbage that is collected is not thrown away properly. BACKGROUND In 1998, Bauleni was declared an improvement Area. resume writing service geelong Bauleni was a traditional village, which then transformed into an informal urban settlement. Bauleni was originally settled by farm workers after the owner of the farm left Mr. Bauleni, an ex farm worker, was unofficially in charge of the settlement. Then with the increase in population, the activities changed from agricultural to service based. Land for subsistence became scare. Alternative means of earning a living had to be found. The village was transformed to an informal settlement. After Mr. Bauleni’s death, the local party (UNIP) branch officials took over the management. In 1990, HUZA, the Local Authority and the residents started upgrading the Bauleni area. HUZA became involved only after it became apparent that the government did not have sufficient resources and that its low cost housing initiatives would not resolve the housing problem. Within the upgrading the infrastructure and services provided include: storm drains, markets, clean water supply, improved sanitation, and education and health facilities. LOCATION PROBLEM STATEMENT The improvement in the standard of living of Bauleni residents has come with a stream of both negative and positive effects on the people and their environment. This project focuses on the negative effect. Mainly that of improper garbage disposal and its impact on the environment and lives of the people. The improper waste disposal of the members of Bauleni compound causes threat to the health of their families and to the environment. The residents are not well aware of the effects that they may face in the future if they will not learn how to become responsible on their own trash, may be it from their own homes or from outside their house. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES AIMS Find out the causes, effects and opinions of the improper garbage disposal and the initiative taken by both the government and residents. OBJECTIVES i. Investigate methods of disposal. ii. Investigate what hazards the improper methods of disposal have brought about. iii. Find out opinions of Bauleni residents. iv. Find out their proposals on solving the situation. v. Find out what has been done so far on the matter vi. Find out government involvement. METHODOLOGY The collection of data was done in two parts. Namely primary and secondary data. Primary data is the information which was obtained in the field. Secondary data on the other hand was that obtained from texts in books and a series of internet sites. PRIMARY DATA This was collected in the following ways . FIELD TRIP; I went to Bauleni on an individual trip to acquire the necessary first hand information on the garbage disposal. i. INTERVIEWS; I devised a questionnaire. The questionnaire covered the aims and objectives of the project. A total of 20 random individuals were interviewed. ii. OBSERVATIONS;I moved from the market place to the places of residence and o bserved the ways of the people in the two different environments. I observed the HUMAN INDUCED HAZARDS. iii. PHOTOGRAPHS; I also took a series of photographs. SECONDARY DATA The information written by other people was gathered and compiled. LIMITATIONS Whilst in the field I encountered a number of hindrances. These include the following i. Communication was limited as most of the folk did not speak English. As I could not speak the language I had to ask a friend to translate for me. ii. Food was another setback. The places selling food were in a rather unsanitary state. There was stagnant water and swarms of flies. I preferred not to risk eating there and so went hungry. iii. There were no ablution facilities as well. After a certain point I was in a very bad state of discomfort. LITREATURE REVIEW CAUSES OF IMPROPER DISPOSAL There is no one cause, but some contributing causes are: 1. Ignorance. Example: People throw mercury batteries in a fireplace and mercury fumes are given off. Mercury is toxic and may cause serious birth defects. many electronics stores will take back old batteries to be recycled. The normal alkaline battery is safe in the garbage. 2. Laziness. Example: People pour used motor oil down the storm sewer which drains into the local river. It should be taken to a service station that has oil recycling. 3. Greed. Example: Instead of paying to have an old roof taken to a landfill, a farmer burns the shingles at night causing air pollution.

Crisis of the 17th Century Essay Example

Crisis of the 17th Century Essay Crisis of the 17th Century Name Institution Crisis of the 17th Century We will write a custom essay sample on Crisis of the 17th Century specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Crisis of the 17th Century specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Crisis of the 17th Century specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The 17th century oversaw a revolutionary period in Europe. Echoing contemporary historians, chroniclers and diarists have had an almost similar view that the 17th century was particularly troubled. A number of Historians have brought forward their reasoning in an attempt to explain the 17th century crisis. This paper will serve to compare and contrast two lines of reasoning behind the crisis – one by Eric J. Hobsbawm, and the other by Hugh Trevor-Roper. Even though these two historians based their reasoning on differing premises and distinct interpretations, both depicted a general crisis portrayed political unrest and economic distress, and producing various outcomes. Through his essay, â€Å"The Seventeenth Century Crisis†, Eric J. Hobsbawm addressed the debate on capitalism transition. Where many participants maintained that the collapse of the feudal economy occurred at the period of Black Death, Hobsbawm had a different view. He argued that most of the socioeconomic order occurred in the course of the booming sixteenth century. However, the end of this period oversaw the fatal obstruction of growth by feudal elements[1]. The ensuing deep and broad retrogression led to the creation of structural change opportunities where political revolution fostered economic transformation by removing obstacles. On the other hand, Hugh Trevor-Roper shifted his focus to pitting confrontations that affected the Renaissance’s intellectual, political, moral and fiscal system against opponents with reform ambitions. This reasoning ultimately spawned a range of enlightening, stabilizing, indecisive and radical initiatives in politics. Both lines of reasoning imminently gave an inspiration to critiques and gained widespread approval. However, early modernists were skeptical about the severity, duration and generality of the hypothesis proposed in each of the two arguments. Eric J. Hobsbawm maintained that the heterogeneity associated with trends across Europe and the economic structures precluded the general crisis and its appearance. Like Hugh Trevor-Roper, whose argument linked mid seventeenth century revolts with chronology, Hobsbawm posited discrete movement clusters supported by specific conflicts. Instead of presenting a general 17th century crisis drawn on similar patterns, both Hobsbawm and Roper suggest a crisis multiplicity that took place in numerous places simultaneously. According to Roper, not all social groups, however, experienced the crisis. For example, the living standards of wage earners consequently improved[2]. The validity of this statement was, however, questioned by the findings of Hobsbawm. Hobsbawm established that the downturn of the economic state was represented by only a consolidation and contraction phase within a capitalistic world system that came into existence in the 16th century. Hobsbawm minimized the intensity of distress encountered by the Netherland republic in the course of its â€Å"Golden age†, and the problems England encountered were presented as short-lived and mild[3]. A period characterized by difficulty and extends across a century struck both Hobsbawm and Roper as too protracted to be classified as a significant crisis (usually perceived as a dramatic and abrupt turning point) particularly when instability and stagnation than depression and revolt are grouped in several decades. Roper claims in his reasoning that the 16th century experienced more rebellion compared to the 17th century, and that those that took place in the mid 15th century were more severe than any other subsequent period. Taking a longer view convinced Hobsbawm that the crisis was endemic to the entire modern period rather than singly defining any century. More prevalent are the refinements and amplifications of the idea behind the 17th century crisis[4]. In terms of Roper’s description of the crisis in the 17th century, it can be outlined that uncertainty and insecurity that extended from the 16th century were what propelled the crisis. Hobsbawm endeavored to reassess the Thirty Years War that was previously considered as the aggravating factor of the crisis rather than its cause. He asserted that conflagration posed as a principal agent that propelled the crisis in Europe due to the large tax growth it provoked on all the involved states. Hobsbawm and Roper, through their crisis theories, helped illuminate the critical aspects surrounding the history of the 17th century slighted in other accounts. Some of these have included peripheries from Europe, such as Muscovy and Scotland, while other areas such as Iberia and Italy have been regarded as the hardest hit areas but suffered little alteration from the crisis. It is prudent to understand that other areas are outside Europe. Hobsbawm made the proposal that colonies in the overseas had played a significant role in the crisis centered in Europe, and he put into consideration the creation of settlements and fresh plantations as one of the major effects[5]. However, he discussed this as a form of colonialism in terms of new markets for manufacturers that offered a dynamic structure for economic growth in Metropolitan Europe. Nevertheless, Roper implemented his idea of the crisis to highlight the history of Latin America. He holds that elite discontent, popular rebellions, and government bankruptcies against the long-term demographic pressure as well as price inflation are what led to the â€Å"State breakdown†[6]. These include states across Eurasia such as China the Ottoman Empire, and France. In contrast, while putting into consideration the subsistence crisis in the Atlantic through the Pacific in the 16th century, Hobsbawm maintained that the consequences, cause, and location of the longer and larger crisis signaled a â€Å"new departure† in Europe. Numerous theoretical and empirical aspects of the crisis in the 17th century only amount to subjects of debate. Ultimately, neither Hobsbawm’s theory on economic development nor Roper’s view warrant much assent in current day. Nevertheless, even though these two historians based their reasoning on differing premises and distinct interpretations, both depicted a general crisis portrayed political unrest and economic distress, and producing various outcomes. However, the concept behind these two arguments has been widely appropriated if not selectively. Similar to intellectually fecund theories, these arguments continue to stimulate further research and explanations behind the 17th century crisis and its cause. Consequently, new interpretation outlines are continually making their way into the field. This finding implies continuity- for instance, the acceleration of agrarian specialization, initiated regional differentiation ruralization, and commercialization of the industry[7]. The major finding of this research includes colonies in the overseas having a role to play in causing the 17th century crisis. This and elite discontent, popular rebellions, and government bankruptcies against the long-term demographic pressure as well as price inflation are what led to the â€Å"State breakdown†. In conclusion, Hobsbawm and Roper had rather distinct views in their reasoning line on the crisis. The methodology used in attaining the results by the two historians was distinct. Consequently, their findings were also different, but they attempted to give a detailed and well-informed reason behind the crisis. Bibliography Hobsbawm, Eric. 2000. â€Å"The General Crisis of the European Economy in the Seventeenth Century†. Peasants in History: Essays in Honor of Daniel Thorner. 3-29. Goldstone, Jack A. 2008. â€Å"East and West in seventeenth century: political crises in Stuart England, Ottoman Turkey, and Ming China†. Comparative Studies in Society and History. Parker, Geoffrey. n.d. â€Å"Crisis and catastrophe: The global crisis of the seventeenth century reconsidered†. The American Historical Review (Trykt Utg.). 113. Trevor-Roper, Hugh. 2001. â€Å"The General Crisis of the Seventeenth Century: An overview†. The Spectator. 36. [1] Hobsbawm, Eric. 2000. † The General Crisis of the European Economy in the Seventeenth Century†. Peasants in History: Essays in Honour of Daniel Thorner. 3-29.

Savage Inequalities essays

Savage Inequalities essays Jonathan Kozol's Savage Inequalities is a haunting, disturbing look at the condition of some of America's schools. Throughout the book, he describes the conditions in several cities: crumbling school buildings, teachers who do not care about the students, astronomical dropout rates, abysmal environments, and much more. Savage Inequalities posits that the leading problem in the school system is the condition of these neglected schools, and that this constitutes a social problem. Kozol views this social problem, and its causes, from a conflict theorist perspective. The definition of a social problem, is as follows: "conditions, processes, or events that are identified as negative by analysts or by significant numbers of other people and that affect large numbers of people, stem from social causes, and/or can be solved through social action". The first clause in this definition of a social problem is its negativity, and whether or not it is recognized as a problem. It is difficult to argue that the conditions of these schools, and the areas in which they are located, can be anything but negative. These schools have administrative problems (Kozol 124), decaying buildings (Kozol 23-24, among dozens of other examples), and poor-quality teachers and guidance counselors (Kozol 113, others). They are overcrowded (Kozol 158-160), and it is assumed that the way to alleviate this problem is for half of the student body to drop out of school at some point (Kozol 112-113). Among these problems, the conditions of some of the school buildings are outstan dingly appalling; for example, at Morris High School, in the South Bronx, Blackboards . . . are "so badly cracked that teachers are afraid to let students write on them for fear theyll cut themselves. Some mornings, fallen chips of paint cover classrooms like snow. Teachers and students have come to see humor in the waterfall that courses down six flights of stairs after a heavy rain." O...

Evidence review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Evidence review - Essay Example The underlying causes of bowel dysfunction maybe primarily associated with the bowel inflammatory conditions or it may result from other secondary factors which include injuries to the spinal cord, as a result of the side effects of certain medications or due to certain endocrine disorders as well as improper diets and infectious agents. Proper diagnosis and management of bowel dysfunction is essential for the health of the patient. The treatment is related to the type and the extent of the disease (Friedman 1994,Top of Form Stein 2003). This paper will encompass the pathologies which are associated with bowel dysfunction and serve to explain their underlying reasons along with their diagnostic criteria and the most appropriate treatment according to the condition of the patient. According to the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, â€Å"Bowel dysfunction refers to problems with the frequency, consistency and/or ability to control your bowel movements.† (2007) This serves to explain the meaning that alterations in the motility of the small intestine and the normal bowel function can result in conditions which are referred to as bowel dysfunction. Constipation, diarrhoea and faecal incontinence are examples of bowel dysfunction. Constipation is a condition which may result due to a reduction in the bowel motility, hard faecal matter which cannot be expelled or if the amount of faecal matter is less than the amount which can be defecated. The defining factor of constipation can vary from one person to another as the bowel habits between different patients are variable. This is because a bowel frequency ranging from one per day to three per week is considered to be normal. If this frequency is reduced to less than one time in a period of three days, it can be referred to as constipation. If constipation exists for a long time, a more severe condition which is known as impaction may result. In this state the faecal matter is

Globalization on the U.S. Economy Research Paper

Globalization on the U.S. Economy - Research Paper Example Globalization is a concept whose recognition appeared only recently, although its evolution can be traced back to the middle age periods in Europe. Localism and centralization in trade and social interactions defined societies in pre-modern periods, in which people remained within the confines of their birthplaces for their entire lives (Torress 107). Trade was mainly conducted in market places within territories with long distance trades only being on luxury goods, which were exclusive for the rich. Leadership was mainly through kingships and monarchs used local power elites owing allegiance to them, with no form of centralised governing machinery whatsoever. However, in the wake of natural disasters like famines and droughts, increased demand for goods and religious commitments led to the interaction between different communities and kingdoms began to expand with merchants traversing large distances in search for sources and markets for their merchandise (Waters 121). The sixteenth century saw the explosion of the concept of globalisation and the transient of localism. Some of the developments included improvements in naval technologies, which opened up trade between territories oceans apart. There was European regeneration marked by moving away from the monarch leadership to statehood existing presently, and the emergence of the French and American Revolution principles (Watters 249). This was followed by the emergence of the industrial revolution, which saw great improvements in technology, inanimate traction, increased demand and supply leading to increased trade over long distances, colonialism and missionary work across the globe.

Network security fundamentals, security threats, and issues Case Study

Network security fundamentals, security threats, and issues - Case Study Example In addition, data and information (in the form of communication) are often distributed all the way through the network as apparent text (for instance it is not twisted or encrypted). Additionally, using the Internet it is also simple to imitate someone else as they are online. On the other hand, there is at the moment a great deal of suspicion on the subject of internet security, however an excellent information is that we have a wide variety of tools and technologies accessible which can ensure the maximum security of our network against illegal interruption (McConnell, 2004). Normally, the use of a firewall is associated with the Internet. In fact, with the growing popularity of the Internet, the term â€Å"firewall† is a great deal more frequently employed in computer networks. Similar to the firewalls that are used in buildings and homes, computer firewalls take steps as a fence between computers on a network. A firewall is critical for the companies that use a computer ne twork or for individuals with a stable connection to the internet (for instance through cable or DSL). In addition, in the absence of a firewall, any unauthorized person on the network would possibly be able to access, wipe out, and move around to the files or data and information stored in our computer. ... Certainly, in some cases firewalls also block the required transmission, and throughout a frequent practice of alteration, the filters can be tailored to enhance their effectiveness (Wynn, 2012) Moreover, a firewall encompasses a wide variety of associated applications and tools, installed at a network gateway server, which ensures the security of the resources (data, information, and other resources) of a private network from outside users or people from other networks. Additionally, the network firewalls also refer to the security policies that are utilized with the applications and programs. In addition, a business organization having an intranet that facilitates its staff members to get access to the extensive Internet usage makes use of a firewall to stop unauthorized people from getting access to its own confidential data and information resources as well as for keeping an eye on what other resources its own users are able to access. In this scenario, a firewall works directly with a router program, which determines the characteristics of each network packet to decide whether it should be allowed to move toward its target or not. Additionally, a firewall also encompasses or can be installed on a proxy server that formulates network requests in support of terminal users. In some cases, a firewall is installed in a specifically selected computer that is other than the remaining network with the intention that no received requests or queries can reach openly at confidential network resources (Rouse, 2007). At the present, organizations are able to choose from a wide variety of firewall solutions. In fact, there are numerous firewall transmission techniques and tools. In this scenario, one well-known technique is to

Swot Analysis Student Looking At Strengths And Weakness Education Essay

Swot Analysis Student Looking At Strengths And Weakness Education Essay To work hard in achieving my goal. When I was first time learned using the internet it was very difficult but I never gave-up until I learned how to get right information from it . Interesting and still growing more from last few years in IT. Begin when I first use internet, fascinated me how this works and how this information is managed. This make me more attractive towards the IT field specially in ISM. I want to be the master in the ISM having the broader knowledge of the subject. Wants to pursue PHD in the concern area after successfully completing my masters. Apply the same and wants to see the results what I learn. To keep very result oriented I always do practically what I have learned. Ability to adjust in surrounding environment very easily. Learn from surroundings very quickly to adopt the environment. Very good internet Knowledge. Using the internet from some many years furnish lot of knowledge. Very punctual. I am very strict for time and never be lazy for the work which I want to take. WEAKNESSES Totally get upset and very tense while working. The work I am doing if something from it I cannot understand made me very irritating and frustrated. Very reserved personality. Mostly I dont like to approach others without any concern. Hard to recall things quickly. Busy with the work make me very absent to other things. Hard to focus on different issues on one time. Putting concentration on one thing made me more difficult to concentrate on others things at a time. OPPORTUNITIES Repeat the work number of times until i understand very clearly. Help me to be knowledgeable of what I do. Explore the environment in which the research have to done, Making known to surrounding so that it can help me to get the knowledge that I need. Find the effective source for research, Make efforts to get the best material for the research. Apply the knowledge which I get from the source and which I have. To know how much I am knowledgeable I apply the same on the research which I am going to take. THREATS Feel very uncomfortable someone discourages me and find it very difficult to cope up with. Feel very nervous to ask again if not get right kind of response from my senior peers. No clear vision what I have to do in the given environment make me lazy. Availability of limited sources for work very discouragious. EXERCISE 2 ARTICLE Characterizing knowledge management in the small business environment. Journal of Knowledge Management. Vol 8(3), 44-61.Done by Wong, K Y and Aspinwall, E. (2004). Analysis and briefly evaluation The research done by Mr. Wong. K Y and Aspinwall. E on Knowledge Management (KM) for small business is improved method, as the Wong. K Y and Aspinwall. E (2004) on page 44, in the article, revealed that this paper redress some of the unique feature imbalance in the literature by putting KM into the context of small businesses. It looks at their characteristics, their advantages and disadvantages strengths and weaknesses and their key problems and issues, all associated with KM approach for small businesses. This research concludes at the final with recommendations that will provide important insights to help in accomplish the quality in business. The research done by the Wong. K Y and Aspinwall. E. (2004) furnishes the full details step by step of the KM for small business as:- KM is all about, How it can be implemented, What are its advantages and disadvantages, Its strengths and weaknesses. This help the researchers to get better conclusion by suggesting new definition of KM for small businesses which defined as The management of knowledge-related processes or activities, based on realistic resource in order to create competence, value and continual success for the organization.( Wong, K Y and Aspinwall, E. (2004). Journal of Knowledge Management. Vol 8(3), 44-61.) The purpose of this research is very clear, the in-depth approach by the researchers furnishes clear picture of KM for small businesses. The brief details provided by the ( Wong, K Y and Aspinwall, E. (2004). Journal of Knowledge Management. Vol 8(3), 44-61.) as mentioned on page 46, in the article states that, As an integrative concept, KM is perceived to have the potential to enable organization to face the complexities and changes enveloping them in the knowledge-based economy. The reasons why small businesses need KM can be traced back to a pull and push perspective. The pull deals with the former identities the potential benefits or improvements, which are crucial for small businesses while push deals with the external or environmental thrusts that push them to the forefront of KM, this shows that how much the KM is significant for the small businesses. The information furnishes by the researchers if utilized by the owner in small businesses can overcome the burden or lack in knowledge sharing between employer and the employees and can help to achieve goal on time. The tremendous effort lay down by the researchers gives clear picture regarding the originality of the research provide all the details which is quite understandable from the beginning, This help to assess the right kind of KM for the small businesses. The method adopt by the researchers in this article is qualitative because the knowledge provided by the researchers regarding KM for small business is easily understand by the reader. The sources are well-grounded ,rich descriptions and explanations of processes in identifiable local contexts. The data is in chronological flow, see precisely which events led to which consequences, and derive fruitful explanations. The in-depth research done by the Mr. Wong, K Y and Aspinwall, E(2004) is very excellent, it furnishes up-to date information as:- What should KM means for small businesses, How it can assess, How it can be implemented, Its advantages, disadvantages, Its strengths, weaknesses. The overall quality of the research meet up-to that mark where if the lower level managers of the small businesses put forward the implementation of KM can put the businesses in very competitive level in the market to achieve its goals. The context of the research is excellent as all the text properly provided with references which is very easily assessable for the new researchers. EXERCISE 4 Literature Review:- The process of reading, analyzing, evaluating and summarizing scholarly materials about a specific topic. The result of a literature review may be complied in a report or they may serve as part of a research article, thesis, or grant proposal. Arlene Fink{ conducting Research Literature Reviews: From the internet to paper, 3rd edition., (sage publications, 2009)}. Internet Technology:- Internet technology covers a broad range of technology used for web development , web production, design, networking and e-commerce. The field also covers internet programming, website maintenance , internet architect and web masters. It helps the students to get the right kind of knowledge for the concern subject without wasting the time in finding the books from the library. Available at:- (http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20070629052817AAszjby) [Accessed 16 September 2010] A(1) Data communication equipment:- In network computing DCE is an industry standard software technology for setting up and managing computing and data exchange in a system of distributed networks. It is used to find relevant material for the subject by the students from the online resources available on the blackboard. Available at: (http://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/sdefinition/o,,sid7gc121190600.html). Accessed 16 September 2010] B(2)Peer to peer System:- This help the students to interact with their senior peer and able them to learn new knowledge and experience. This enable them to learn from new source of knowledge, which help them to prepare for the future challenges. Virtual learning environment:- A Virtual learning environment is a course information management system that takes a numbers of web-based services and places them together on a single site, with a single interface, accessed through a web browser. Students and lecturers need only learn a single set of on screen controls in order to use discussion boards, electronic mails lists, access course materials and announcements, or upload share files. Nicole Kipar. (2003) What is the Blackboard VLE and how can I use it in my teaching, Google [online] Available at: http://lteu.cant.ac.uk/learntech/blackboard.asp Accessed 16 September 2010] B(1) Student Support:- Help them to manage their time more effectively. It also help them to develop a wider range of analytical and writing skills by using new resources, if assessments are adapted to make good use of these. Nicole Kipar. (2003) What is the Blackboard VLE and how can I use it in my teaching Google [online].Available at: http://lteu.cant.ac.uk/learntech/blackboard.asp. Accessed 16 September 2010] B(2) Collaboration:- To attain goals that cannot be achieved by one single student alone like in projects, which need group work or team work. The collaboration includes the following components:- Jointly developing and agreeing on a set of common goals and directions. Sharing responsibility for obtaining those goals. Working together to achieve those goals, using expertise and resources of each others. Bruner, C (1991). Thinking collaboratively: Ten question and answers to help policy maker improve childrens services. Washington, DC Education and Human Service Consortium. Available at: (http://www.actforyouth.net/document/YDM_65C_collab_Handout.pdf) [ Accessed 18 September 2010] Communication:- It may be defined as the sharing ideas or exchange of information or feelings. It provide very important path by which students influence one another. This help the student to develop the boarder sense for the course he/she is going through. This is one of the important tool for the student express their thoughts and feeling with each other. Available at: ( http://www.workplace-communication.com/definition-communication.html) Accessed 16 September 2010] It may also be defined as exchange and flow of information and ideas from person to person; It involves sender transmitting the ideas, information or feeling to a receiver. (U.S Army, 1983) Available at: ( http://www.nwlink.com/donclark/leader/leadcom.html) Accessed 16 September 2010] C(1) Connectivity:- Help the student to exchange the knowledge by electronic means which help them to understand the context of the subject very clearly and able them to remain in contact with each other. In the context of computer science, refers to the use of computer networks to link computers to one another, and provide information resource between computer systems and their final users. Available at: (http://www.google.co.uk/search?hl=enHYPERLINK http://www.google.co.uk/search?hl=enclient=firefox-HYPERLINK http://www.google.co.uk/search?hl=enclient=firefox-client=firefox-arls=org.mozilla:enGB:officialdefl=enq=define:connectivitysa=Xei=hfC5TOCPCJDQjAfvvL2Dgved=0CBcQkAE) Accessed 16 September 2010] The ability to exchange information by electronic means. (Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms. US Department of Defense 2005) [Accessed 16 September 2010] C(2) Flexible learning:- It enable the student to learn what they want, how they want, and when they want. An approach which enable student to adopt a wide range of learning strategies in a variety of resource available. Available at: (www.unisa.edu.au/pas/gap/planning/glossary.asp) [Accessed 16 September 2010] E-Learning:- It uses electronic delivery methods such as internet-based learning delivery packages, such as , CD ROM, online video conferencing, websites or email to manage the relationship between teachers and students which enable students to be self reliable for the course. Available at: (www.educationcounts.govt.nz/publications/series/2531/54560/2) [Accessed 17 September 2010] D(1) Content solution:- Everything that is included in a collection for the student to make them satisfy for the course context and which help them in understanding the course content very clearly and quickly, enable them to become masters in their courses. Available at:- (www.wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn.) [Accessed 16 September 2010] D(2) Delivery Mechanism:- The procedure or means for delivering the content of the subject to the student in a very effective manner so that it can easily accessible to the students from any were in the world. Houghton, Miffli. (2000) The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language,4Th ed USA: Houghton Mifflin Company. [ Accessed 16 September 2010] EXERCISE 5 Reflective Report Micheal, in Knowledge and competence describes profession: The profession are a group of occupations the boundary of which is ill-defined. While the most powerful of law and medicine are commonly perceived as ideal type, few others even approach their degree of influence. Public-sector professions with significantly less power such as teachers, and nurses where described by Etzioni (1969) as a semi-professions. (Micheal, Eraut,1994, p.1) The first day when I entered into the University I have no idea about the ways of teaching. I am totally unfamiliar with the ways of doing study here. When I first attend my class I totally get confused and dont know what is going on, as the time passes after attending two of three classes I get familiar to what is going in the class, all credit goes to my module tutor who really deliver the quality teaching. The Module (Effective Research and Professional Practice) I have attend lay down the foundation stone for me to the entire course. This course gives me the opportunity to learn how would be the professional toward the study. The first exercise is SWOT analysis that provide me opportunity to express my Strengths, weakness, opportunity and Threats, which can help my tutor to have view of my capability for the studies so that he/she can deliver the quality teaching in order to have the better understanding towards the concern subject. The best part of the SWOT analysis is that I can express what I want from the course that I am going to take what would be my future plans. The second exercise helping me to develop the analytical skills. The article is about the characterizing the knowledge management in the small business environment, the questioner on this article helping me to develop the ability of reading, writing, and leaning skills more effectively. It also help me to have the broader look, how research can be taking place what area would be taking into the consideration while researching. How to apply proper methodology for the research that it is very important the way this article is written down help me to develop it, because the way I am going to approach to my studies is very important especially in my project. I enjoyed doing this exercise because I like reading but up to some specific limit I dont like to be book worm. The third, fourth and fifth exercise provide the pathway how to make a mind map, that is new thing for me, while working on the exercises I slow and steadily get familiar what is mind map all about how I can made it and have use of it. The exercises help me to learn right kind of professionalism for my studies that is totally far away from me. One part in this exercise is literature review which is mind teasing for me but after done this exercise I have learn how to develop the logical ideas. This assignment help me to lays down the basic foundation block for my studies in analytically and professionally that would help me throughout my career, The best part of this exercise for me to learn so many new things that I have never come across in my life, like mind map that help me to familiar very quickly and easily with the exercises.

Biography Of Miles Davis Essay -- Jazz, Biographical, Music

Biography of Miles Davis Born on May 26, 1926, Miles Davis is considered to be one of the most influential jazz musicians in history. Being a trumpeter, keyboardist, composer, and band-leader, Miles is responsible for the popularization of many styles of jazz throughout his long and prolific career. Miles Dewey Davis was born into a well-to-do family in the town of Alton, Illinois. The family owned a large portion of a farm where Miles learned to ride horses as a young boy. In 1927 the family moved to East St. Louis. Miles' mother, Cleota Henry, encouraged him to play the violin while his father bought him a trumpet when he turned thirteen and arranged his first lesson with trumpeter Elwood Buchanan. One of the main reasons Miles' father chose the trumpet is due to the fact Cleota was annoyed by its sound. His teacher stressed a style of play that did not involve vibrato. Miles carried this style throughout his entire career. Buchanan would rap Miles' knuckles with a ruler every time he used vibrato. Miles had numerous offers from bands when in high school but his mother insisted he finish school before he continued with his music career. In 1944, the Billy Eckstine band came to St. Louis. Prominent jazz figures during the time including Dizzy Gillespie and Charlie Parker were part of the band. Due to one of the band members being ill, Miles took on the position of third trumpet for a couple weeks. After the band resumed its normal condition, Miles was left behind to finish his academic studies as requested by his parents. ... ...ived the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award. Due to constant health issues in his later years, Miles passed at the age of 65 due to stroke, pneumonia and respiratory failure. Though Miles Davis' life ended at a rather early age, he left behind work that no other could attempt to emulate. His music is still enjoyed by those of all ages and will be renowned for the future of jazz music. Works Cited 1. "Miles Davis." Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. 6 Aug. 2007 . 2. "Miles Davis." Wikipedia. 6 Aug. 2007 . 3. "The Biography of Miles Davis." 6 Aug. 2007 .

The Program Design and Evaluation Process

This article will address the data collection of aggressive behavior incidents at Pathway High School. We will address several different data collections and measurements to the following subjects: The occurrences of aggressive behavior incidents reported before and after a program implementation, the data and success rate on the behavior correction procedures in the classroom by teachers and the success rate to the implementation of the School-Wide Positive Behavioral Support (SWPBS) program, within Pathway High SchoolWe will use the already recorded data from our Spreadsheet (Kaplan University, 2013) in comparing the measurements and success rates of our implemented program.Figure 1: The purpose of this data requirement is to implement an affective program to decrease the student’s aggressive behavior incidents at Pathway High School. The quantitative data collection is used for this kind of measurement and data collection, because the distribution of variables can be genera lized to entire population (Dawson, C., 2002). In this case we will concentrate on the aggressive behavior of the students and the measurements of occurrences of the aggressive behavior of students, with the focus to decrease the number of aggressive behavior of the students.The occurrence of aggressive behavior incidents reported before the implemented program started was reported to the following: In September the  aggressive behavior incidents occurred 248 times. In October it went to 262 times and for November the behavior incidents occurred 275 times. This brings the aggressive behavior incidents, within the 3 month time scale, to the number of: 785 aggressive behavior incidents.After the program implementation began in December and was concluded in May. The behavior incident number indicates a decline of aggressive behavior in December with the number of 225, followed by decreasing numbers for January > 198, February > 144, March > 127, April > 99 and May > 83. The graph ind icates a significant decline in the aggressive behavior incidents, within the time of 5 month after the program was implemented in the number of 702 less incidents within 5 month. 785 > 3 month – 83 in May, after implementation of program for 5 month = 702 less incidents by May (Spreadsheet Kaplan University, 2013).This collected data will indicate that the program was successful because the aggressive behavior incidents of students declined, once the program implementation has started.Figure 2The purpose of this data requirement is to measure the impact of the program on behavior correction procedures in the classroom by teachers. In the collection of the impact of the program to behavior correction in the classroom by teachers, the quantitative data collection is used to measure and collect the results of the implicating program. This is measured to the following:Before implementation of program465 div. by 8 = 58.125 = meanTotal number of teachers A – H = 8 Total num ber before implementation of program = 465 Mean before program implementation is = 58.125 Mean is 58.125After implementation of program530 div. by 8 = 66.25 = meanTotal number of teachers A – H = 8 Total number after implementation of program = 530 Mean after program implementation of program = 66.25 Mean is 66.26 (Spreadsheet Kaplan University, 2013)Since the mean before implementation of the program is lower 58.125 then the mean after implementation of the program 66.25, then this would indicate the implementation of the program may have failed or provided little impact to the behavior correction procedures in the classroom, conducted by teachers.Figure 3The purpose of this data requirement is to rate the students satisfactory school experience before and after the SWPBS program was implemented. The data is recorded in the calculated measures of percentage and the quantitative data collection is used within this requirement.The data collection brings forth the following mea sures: Before the program started, the students satisfactory rate within their school experience provided the data of the highest level = 0 = 0% and the lowest level = 70 = 31%.After the program was implicated for three (3) month, the students satisfactory rate within their school experience provided the information of an increase, within the highest level = 15 = 6.6 = 7% and the lowest level = 25 = 11%.Six (6) months after program started, the student’s satisfactory rate within their school experience showed a significant increase in the highest level = 15 = 6.6 = 7% and significant decrease in the Lowest level = 10 = 4.4†¦ = 4% (Spreadsheet Kaplan University, 2013).These measures and data collection provides the information of the success to the implicated SWPBS program.The follow up on all of the collected data and the evaluation of the follow up, provides us with the feedback on results, accomplishments, or impacts on the students behavior by the program implementati on. In addition it will provide us information about the effectiveness and the appropriateness of the implemented program (Kettner, P. 2012).

Poetic Devices essays

Poetic Devices essays We be getting down and you know we're crush groovin Let me get some action from the back section Let your back bone flip but don't slip a disc Let your spine unwind just take a risk I wanna do the freak until the break of dawn Tell me party people is that so wrong Spice Girls Last Time Lover Cool sexy, ever ready, someone fine, always steady, gentle hands, dirty mind, use your head and don't be blind Counting Crows, Long December The feeling that its a whole lot of oysters, but no pearls Splender I Think God Can Explain Dire Straits Romeo and Juliet Juliet when we made love you used to cry you said I love you like the stars above I'll love you till i die ...

buy custom The Renaissance Humanism essay

buy custom The Renaissance Humanism essay This research paper studies the basics of humanities; how and when did humanism began? It further studies Renaissance Humanism during fourteenth, fifteenth and sixteenth centuries and the literary work during that time. It further studies the cultural and philosophical movement which swept across Europe during that time which led to the modern era, ending the era of middle ages is known as Renaissance Humanism. For my study, I referred to Krayes book Renaissance Humanism which was first published in 1996 and discusses the origin of Renaissance Humanism in Europe, especially the Italian humanists contribution in translating the ancient Roman and Greek work related to art and literature of ancient times. Kreis article on Renaissance Humanism also helped me clarifying key points of humanism, their philosophy and school of thought and how did they worked their way up so that their views are known and widely accepted by the society. During 1400 A.D. to 1650 A.D. the secularism philosophy stimulated with the era when people and nations began favoring the pagan traditions again and were diverted to gain respect and worldly pleasures. This periods intellectual and literary currents and their social philosophy which is considered to be the most predominant, is referred to as Humanism (Kreis, 2000). The cultural and philosophical movement swept across Europe during fourteenth, fifteenth and sixteenth century which lead to the modern era, ending the era of middle ages is known as Renaissance Humanism (Kraye, 1996). Due to the emergent secular view of life it resulted in zeal for the tradition; growth of luxury and prosperity, trade expansion, and growing social contacts attracted more interest in the pleasures of the world although they had formal adherence to Christianity. Therefore, humanists gave birth to classical writers who revealed the attitude of secular system and similar kind of social values (Kreis, 2000). Amongst the common outline of those scholarly interests and their mental attitudes gathered under the rubric humanism, historians agreed that the humanists mentality stand between the contemporary scientific and their critical attitude, and medieval supernaturalism. According to Medievalist, Humanism is the fatal product of the middle ages (Kreis, 2000). Modern historians view humanism as the germinal period of modernism, therefore, it is assumed that the Renaissance man lived between medieval Christian matrix and scientific concepts. Therefore the man of the Renaissance is suspended from both, reasons and faith, because he does not believe in homogeneous point of view which determined the significance of each phenomenon, and he is yet to find security for his life, social principle stability and system of scientific concets (Kreis, 2000). The main focus of humanism is the rights of human beings, that is, they should be praised for the work they have done and their achievements. Humanists, therefore, produced literary work on ancient methodologies and their arts so that they can be remembered for their great work during that time (Kraye, 1996). The Renaissance Humanism was first introduced in Italy due to its connections with ancient Rome which is known for its artistic work and culture. Italians believed that they are the descendents of Romans therefore they felt the need to study the culture of their forefathers and their ancestors (Kraye, 1996). Until sixteenth century, there were no political thinkers produced due to the humanists movement because the Renaissance humanists were not engaged with politics till then. They were keen to accept professions in which they became bureaucrats, diplomats, teachers, courtiers etc. It was because most of the ancient literature was lost or was written in Greek which they require translating so that it can be reproduced and brought forward to be recognized by the worldly nations (Kraye, 1996). The Renaissance Humanism was first introduced in Italy due to its connections with ancient Rome which is known for its artistic work and culture. Italians believed that they are the descendents of Romans therefore they felt the need to study the culture of their forefathers and their ancestors (Kraye, 1996). The literary work they produced at that time on politics was not intended for focused audiences. They were more interested in producing literary work on ancient traditions of moral-rhetorical through which they desire to reform individuals, such as aristocrats, merchants and professional, and their society (Kraye, 1996). During fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, humanists changed the intellectual world which helped them to bring reforms in political science. Although, humanists were unable to produce any high ranked political thinkers as yet but during sixteenth century they produced two high ranked politicians in Europe named Niccolo Machiavelli and Thomas More whose literary work and writings exposed the tensions of contemporary political view and characteristics dilemmas (Kraye, 1996). There were two views and types of reformers. One believed that by reforming individuals they will be able to reform their institutions and the others believed that by reforming their institutions they will be able to reform the individual values. Many humanists began taking part in political affairs so that they may serve both purposes i.e. to reform individuals by reforming institutions and to reform institutions by reforming individual values (Kraye, 1996). Renaissance was the age of oligarchs and tyrants; it was the time when rulers had questionable titles which were illegitimate. Therefore, the humanists efforts were devoted to reforming individuals during fourteenth and fifteenth century so that they can later reform their institutions (Kraye, 1996). The cultural and philosophical movement swept across Europe during fourteenth, fifteenth and sixteenth century which lead to the modern era, ending the era of middle ages is known as Renaissance Humanism (Kraye, 1996). The main focus of humanism is the rights of human beings, that is, they should be praised for the work they have done and their achievements. Humanists, therefore, produced literary work on ancient methodologies and their arts so that they can be remembered for their great work during that time (Kraye, 1996). The Renaissance Humanism was first introduced in Italy due to its connections with ancient Rome which is known for its artistic work and culture. Italians believed that they are the descendents of Romans therefore they felt the need to study the culture of their forefathers and their ancestors (Kraye, 1996). Humanists first became bureaucrats, diplomats, teachers, courtiers etc., and produced literary work to influence individuals behavior, their perception and views so that they may change the system to reward those who take active part in building a society (Kraye, 1996). Most humanists were the believers of paganism while there were few others who did not believed in any god as they argue that religion is far from any social affairs. Amongst the common outline of those scholarly interests and their mental attitudes gathered under the rubric humanism, historians agreed that the humanists mentality stand between the contemporary scientific and their critical attitude, and medieval supernaturalism. According to Medievalist, Humanism is the fatal product of the middle ages (Kraye, 1996). Modern historians view humanism as the germinal period of modernism, therefore, it is assumed that the Renaissance man lived between medieval Christian matrix and scientific concepts. Therefore the man of the Renaissance is suspended from both, reasons and faith, because he does not believe in homogeneous point of view which determined the significance of each phenomenon, and he is yet to find security for his life, social principle stability and system of scientific concepts (Kraye, 1996). Until sixteenth century renaissance humanists were not associated with politics though they did produce some literary work but it was not intended for the focused group. However, these and other literary work changed the intellectual communitys perception and in sixteenth century two high ranked humanist politicians made valuable contributions to the humanists view of political sciences (Kraye, 1996). Buy custom The Renaissance Humanism essay

Impact of the world recession on the oil market 2008-2010 Essay

Impact of the world recession on the oil market 2008-2010 - Essay Example After a call of Emergency, AIG insurance was bailed out (2008 Global Financial Crisis and Global Recession, 2011). There had been various factors involved, which had led to the crash. The housing market failure had been one of the reasons. However, there were certain external shocks as well, which contributed to the series of financial failures. The oil shock was one major other factor. It had been an observation that prices had started to rise in 2007, compared to the price level after 9/11. A large amount of this price increase was due to the increase in the price of oil. This large amount of price increase triggered people to default on their borrowings, which had started the housing crash. A figure below shows the sharp increase in oil price from 2007 to 2008. The price had been averaging at some 60$ per barrel, while in 2008, they had increased to around $132.8. Therefore, this shows that oil shocks ‘might’ have been one of the reasons for the starting of the Global Financial Crisis. However, one would also notice that after the crisis had started, the prices of oil had suddenly dropped by a gigantic amount in 2009. Prices started to pick up in late 2009, but it was a slow increase. This in effect illustrates that the global recession caused changes in the oil market as well. Therefore, the paper shall attempt to discuss the impact of this crisis and recession on the world oil market (Rainforest-mongabay.com, n.d). â€Å"Oil has always been one of the most heavily traded commodities in the world† (Bouchentouf, 2007). It has large importance for the world economy. The demand of oil is such that it is inelastic, that means even if the price rises, people would continue to buy it. Oil is indispensable and is a raw material for various other products. However, oil has an inelastic supply as well, that means since it is a non-renewable resource, it will eventually run out. This all highlights the

Negligence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Negligence - Essay Example In the context of negligence, tort law is more concerned with the harm that results from careless behaviour rather than harm caused intentionally. It follows, then, that negligence is the failure to apply the reasonable care as a prudent person would have done in similar circumstances. The key principle of the tort law of negligence is that people must exercise rational care when acting by considering the potential and foreseeable harm they can cause to others, Fletcher vs Rylands, LR 1 Ex 265 of 1866 (Donal 2004, p.5). So, when a court establishes that there was negligence, it is actually conducting an ex post assessment of the defendant’s conduct. Historically, suits of negligence have been analysed in stages known as elements. The significance of elements is that a plaintiff must prove all elements relevant to his claim. For example, if there are five elements in a particular tort, failure to prove all five will lead to failure of the claim. Despite all this, it is also cru cial to note that persons who disregard the safety aspect of others but cause no injury may only be reprehensible morally, but will not be guilty of negligence. On the other hand, those who make all effort to exercise care but still fall below the stipulated standards by the court will be guilty of negligence and held liable (Feinnman 2010, p. 69). The legal duty of care a defendant owes a plaintiff defines the relationships and circumstances recognised by law as giving rise to legal obligation to take care. A person may be owed a care of duty by another to ensure that unreasonable economical, mental or physical loss or harm is not suffered. According to the House of Lords, duty of care can be tested in three parts in judicial terms. First, the defendant’s conduct must have caused harm that was reasonably foreseeable; then, there must have been a proximity relationship between the plaintiff and

BUSINESS ASSIGNMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

BUSINESS ASSIGNMENT - Essay Example The segmentation has been done by using demographics and behavioural strategies. The target market has been chosen after identifying the size and profitability of the segments. After developing the positioning strategy, the marketing mix has been created for the target market. Finally, an overview of the financial plan of Manga Cafe has been discussed. IDENTIFIED PROBLEM The business plan of launching Manga Cafe in London appears to be a unique idea as there is currently not such cafe in London however, because of the aggressive competition among the international brands in the UK Cafe industry; Manga Cafe needs a very well-organised and efficient marketing plan. INDUSTRY COMPETITION Various coffee brands are operating in London; however, the three largest market leaders include Starbucks, Costa Coffee and Nero. The following positioning map shows the positioning of major cafe providers in London based on their quality of services and prices. Starbucks being the market leader is offe ring average quality but at very high prices, therefore, shares of Starbucks are declining not only in UK but in most of its major markets (Bishopric, 2011). Costa is expanding throughout UK because of its reasonable prices and better quality and in 2010/2011, company aims to open 130 more outlets in the UK (Bakeryinfo, 2010). Nero is considered as a cheap brand which offers value through high quality products and services. Positioning Map THE PRODUCT/SERVICE DESCRIPTION Manga Cafes are very popular among the Japanese communities. The increasing number of Japanese residents in the UK builds a strong demand for Manga Cafes in the UK, European and foreign markets. Since there is no Manga Cafe in London yet, therefore, launch of Manga Cafe in London appears to be a feasible business option. This cafe will fulfil the increasing demand of Japanese comics in Europe. The cafe will offer a platform to the people where they can come and enjoy reading Japanese comics. Moreover, additional ser vices will also be offered to entertain the visitors such as Japanese food, internet facility, games and DVDs. The visitors will be charged based on their duration of stay in the cafe. MARKETING PLAN Market Segmentation To segment the market, demographics and behavioral segmentation strategies have been used. In demographics segmentation, the consumers have been segmented based on their age, profession and nationality. Age: The age group structure of London in 2001 is given below (Office for National Statistics, 2002). Age Structure of People in London Source: Office for National Statistics Profession: The second demographic variable is profession and in London people belonging to different professions such as education, workers, professionals, unemployed reside. Nationality: The third demographic variable is nationality and since Manga Cafe is a Japanese cafe therefore, only Japanese nationals will be directly targeted. However, the total population of London in 2009 was 7,686,000 and it includes around people with 34 different nationalities (London.gov.uk, 2010). Table: London Population by Nationality Source: London.gov.uk In behavioral segmentation, the consumers who will be having knowledge, interest and positive attitude towards Japanese culture will be

Romanticism in Frankenstein Essay Example for Free

Romanticism in Frankenstein Essay Romanticism was an intellectual movement that took hold in Europe during the late 18th century. Romanticism was born out of a direct opposition to Enlightenment views that emphasized reason, science and knowledge. The Enlightenment had evolved as a response to oppression by the church. During the Enlightenment Europeans began to question the laws of the church and state that were deemed biased and unfair. As a result to this oppression Europeans began to seek out knowledge and the philosophers of the time were seen as political thinkers and leaders. In contrast, Romanticism was a movement that opposed political norms that were the foundation of Enlightenment thinking. Romanticism placed emphasis on feelings, love, individuality and imagination to name a few. Romanticism touched all facets of art, literature and music during the late 1800s. Many writers during this time produced works that help to define the era of Romanticism by creating characters that were individualists with a keen sense of â€Å"self-definition and self-awareness† (Brians). Mary Shelley is considered one of the great novelists of the Romantic period even though she is only credited with writing one novel that falls within the Romantic genre. Mary Shelley wrote Frankenstein: or The Modern Prometheus, in 1818 as part of a writing competition held by Lord Byron in Geneva. It was originally published under an anonymous author and Shelley’s name did not appear on the novel until a second edition was released in 1823. Frankenstein was Shelley’s most famous work and it is said that the idea for the novel came to Shelley in a dream. In her dream Shelley observes a scientist piecing together parts of mans body, only to be horrified in the end by the unnaturalness of his creation. Frankenstein is considered the first work of science fiction and also a novel that contains ideas central to the Romanticist and Gothic movements (www.egs.edu). In Frankenstein, the main protagonist Victor Frankenstein is the embodiment of Shelley’s romanticist ideals. Victor’s ambition is to create a living, breathing being out of the innate materials in his laboratory. Victor reiterates his relenting passion for creating an artificial being by stating that no single person can â€Å"conceive the variety of feelings which bore me onwards, like a hurricane.† This statement shows that Victor wants to surpass his human limitations to create a new life form. Victor Frankenstein is considered a romantic character because he embodies the Romantic ideals of imagination and innovation. He is a dreamer, who is obsessed with impossible standards and ideals. In this sense, he embodies Romantic traits of unrelenting ambition and is therefore seen as one of the great Romantic characters. Ironically, in Victor’s passionate pursuit of perfection he creates a monster that is the embodiment of imperfection (Shelley). Other examples of Romantic themes in the novel appear when Shelley incorporates vivid descriptions of nature. Throughout the novel, Shelley uses lyrical language to describe the awesomeness of nature which is the backdrop of the story. Shelley’s characters recount their inner feelings and these inner feelings often mimic the state of nature around them. For example, the barren and icy descriptions of the land in which Walton forges into and where the monster ultimately retreats to emphasize the experiences of the monster who fights against the isolation he feels as a result of his monstrous form. The barren landscape can also mirror the isolation that Walton must have felt when he foolishly travels into this cold and foreboding land in the book’s opening scenes. Another example of nature mimicking feelings is the scene in which Victor awakes with much regret after creating his monster. He reflects that the morning is â€Å"dismal and wet† and he fears encountering the creature around every bend. Shelley keeps this common theme throughout the novel so that when the protagonist is scared or upset the weather conditions parallel what Victor is feeling or thinking (Shelley). With emphasis on nature and unrelenting passion, among many other Romantic themes in the novel, Mary Shelley allows her characters to express their deepest desires, even if those desires are seen as unattainable to the reader. These elements of descriptive nature, along with a myriad of emotions that are expressed by the characters help to solidify Frankenstein as one of the great Romantic novels of its time. Works Cited Brians, Paul. Romanticism. Romanticism. Washington State University, 11 Mar. 1998. Web. 10 Feb. 2013. Mary Shelley Biography. Mary Shelley. The European Graduate School, n.d. Web. 10 Feb. 2013 Shelley, Mary Wollstonecraft, and Maurice Hindle. Frankenstein, Or, The Modern Prometheus. London: Penguin, 2003. Print