Collectivism vs. Individualism Essay

Employment Legislation Affecting Recruitment Free Essays

Task COVER SHEET Name:| Pancho Pablo Fernandes| Address:| PO Box, 491, Doha, Qatar| Post code/Zip:| 491| Telephone No:| 00974 55485261| Email Address:| pancho_fernandes@yahoo. com| Date:| 1 September 2012| Course Name:| Diploma in Human Resources| Tutor Name:| Ms. Kirsty Cousins| Assignment Name:| Recruitment and Selection| Assignment Title:Recruitment and Selection Unit Title:Examine business enactment with respect to enrollment Course Title: Name:Pancho Pablo Fernandes Date:01 September 2012 Presentation In this task I will talk about the work enactment in power that guarantee reasonable labor employing convention subsequently shielding up-and-comers from being segregated on various grounds. We will compose a custom exposition test on Work Legislation Affecting Recruitment or then again any comparable theme just for you Request Now The task is: * Evaluate current work enactment as it influences enlistment and choice of staff Background Employers during the pre-industrialization period were increasingly centered around having the most reasonable labor as far as quality, shading, ethnic foundation, sexual orientation, religion and so forth. Kid work was very much polished by managers with aim of saving money on overheads. There was no worry for security appropriate working conditions because of imbalance of bartering power between business specialist. It was through ascent and fall of Governments that made different acts prohibiting separations the greater part of which related to business. Separations related acts have come into power for the most part during the second 50% of the nineteenth century and till date experience amendments/changes subsequently guaranteeing reasonable work convention. This task will share light on some significant enactment concerning enlistment choice of laborers. Investigation Most nations have a set up lawful authority/body which screens company’s enlistment rehearses. Business segregations can be immediate or backhanded. Direct separation is the point at which a gathering of up-and-comers are dealt with less well in contrast with another gathering. Circuitous segregation is the point at which certain measures is forced which limits specific gathering/s of up-and-comers from applying or being selected for a vocation, for example, fabricated, stature, weight. The Equality Act of 2010 (UK) secures segregation of individuals under ensured qualities that incorporate age, incapacity, sex, race, religion, conjugal status, pregnancy, sex sexual direction. The evolvement of following acts characterizes enactments denying separation while advancing equivalent chance and assorted variety to every one of the; a. Sexual orientation †Gender separation is constrained by; I. Sex Discrimination Act of 1975 (UK): This demonstration shielded the two men ladies from being segregated on fronts of sex or marriage. ii. Business Equality Regulation of 2003 †Sexual Orientation (UK): This demonstration denied the business to separate representatives on sexual direction. iii. Fairness Act of 2010: Part of this demonstration empowers a business to name/advance an up-and-comer despite the fact that he/she has equivalent legitimacy that the other yet is arranged under the ensured attributes or is thought to endure a detriment of being in such classification. A positive activity model would be a woman being offered a General Manager job in our association rather than a male applicant, since the association for the most part granted such jobs to guys. . Race/Religion †This segregation is constrained by; I. Race Relations Act of 1963 (UK): This demonstration restricted segregation on grounds of race, shading, ethnical foundation/national starting point. ii. Equity Act of 2010 †Part of this enactment characterizes the â€Å"Positive Action† condition that can be utilized by a business to select. For instance, a Sri Lankan Muslim competitor could be selected rather than a Filipino or Indian applicant since the organization had the vast majority of its workforce from India (Hindus generally) Philippines (Christians) c. Age †Age segregation is constrained by; I. Business Equality Regulation of 2006 †Age (UK): notwithstanding sexual orientation race separation; managers couldn't segregate workers on grounds old enough. Anyway the Equality Act of 2010 has supplanted this demonstration. ii. Balance Act of 2010 †Part of this enactment characterizes the â€Å"Positive Discrimination† proviso that can be utilized by a business to enroll inside particular age gatherings. Model: Since lion's share of our company’s office level workforce matured underneath 40, the following enlistment stage could set age rules as + 40 years. d. Inability †The Disability Discrimination Act of 1995 (UK) was supplanted by the Equality Act of 2010. One of its statements portrays that a business can't utilize discriminative inquiries to asses a candidate’s handicap except if the applicant needs to finish an activity as a major aspect of the determination procedure. Nonetheless, a business can legitimately scrutinize the competitor, inquiring as to whether he/she required any sensible change in accordance with empower them perform at an activity. End Employment enactments characterize rules for non-separation on premise of different factors, for example, ethnic foundation, incapacities, sexual orientation, age race. Most created nations have its own work enactment characterized such that it covers the greater part of its populace. In the cutting edge world, businesses abusing work guidelines can be punished by the law. Wellsprings of Information Internet Research 1. Wikipedia a) http://en. wikipedia. organization/wiki/Employment_Equality_Regulations b) http://en. wikipedia. organization/wiki/Employment_Non-Discrimination_Act c) http://en. wikipedia. organization/wiki/Equal_Pay_Act_of_1963 d) http://en. wikipedia. organization/wiki/Sex_Discrimination_Act_1975 e) http://en. wikipedia. rg/wiki/Race_Relations_Act_1976 2. http://www. homeoffice. gov. uk/distributions/correspondences/uniformity act-distributions/fairness act-direction/business wellbeing questions? view=Binary 3. http://www. homeoffice. gov. uk/distributions/equities/fairness act-distributions/balance act-direction/positive-activity enlistment? view=Binary 4. http://www. homeoffice. gov. uk/distributions/balances/uniformity act-distrib utions/balance act-direction/positive-activity pragmatic guide? view=Binary 5. http://www. equalrightstrust. organization/ertdocumentbank/bob%20hepple. pdf Step by step instructions to refer to Employment Legislation Affecting Recruitment, Essay models

Putting Together the Endless Puzzle, or Worrying About Reading Too Little

Putting Together the Endless Puzzle, or Worrying About Reading Too Little For the past few weeks, one particular book has consumed me. I pore over its pages like some people do a newspaper’s sports or business section. I pay attention to every footnote. I’m inspired by it to head to my local library and spend far too much time perusing. And, funny enough, this book that has obsessed me has, in fact, stalled my reading. I’m talking about James Mustich’s 1,000 Books to Read Before You Die, a mammoth reference book offering 1,000 literary recommendations along with Mustich’s thoughts on each work. On top of that, each selection comes with its own few “you might also like this” titles. For example, Michael Crichton’s The Andromeda Strain makes the cut, but Mustich also encourages readers to try Outbreak by Robin Cooke and The Hot Zone by Richard Preston. All in all, this may well double Mustich’s total list of recommended books. So, how many have I read? A paltry 51, just a hair above 5 percent. I’ve been reading on a regular basis since I was about 11, so this puts me on pace to read 204 more books from the list by the time I croak. Not exactly heartening. Lists like Mustich’s nag at my mind every time I set out to read a new book. Time, The Guardian, Modern Library, and National Review each have published top 100 lists of the best nonfiction books. Time, The Guardian, and Modern Library also have each chosen their picks for the 100 greatest novels. There’s Le Monde’s 100 Books of the Century, the Bokklubben World Library, Entertainment Weekly’s 100 Best Books of All Time, Anthony Burgess’s 99 Best English-Language Novels, Boston Public Library’s 100 Most Influential Books of the 20th Century, Harold Bloom’s The Western Canon, Larry McCaffery’s The 20th Century’s Greatest Hits: 100 English-Language Books of Fiction, along with countless other genre-specific lists, many by Book Riot, of the best works of science fiction, horror, journalism, memoir, essay collection, and so on. And, of course, there are all the books that appear on none of the above lists but still look interesting. Oh, and all the books that will be published throughout the rest of my lifetime. There’s a lot out there to read, and even when I’m on a roll, knocking out one or even two books a week, it eats at me that I’ll never read everything. Scrolling through my to-read list on Goodreads or scanning across the unread books on my shelf is akin to staring up at a mountain I can’t see the top of, or running toward an invisibleâ€"or nonexistentâ€"finish line. This is not a fun way to read. Sure, lists are an excellent way to turn yourself on to new authors and books, but they also can turn reading into an assembly line task, books into boxes to check off. They can indeed make reading boring. You can read for whatever reason. For me, literature is a road to personal enrichment. Reading, along with listening to music, watching movies and traveling, is about putting together a puzzle you know you’ll never finish. That’s the point, that there is no completed picture, no finish line, no top of the mountain. I may eventually become familiar with every genre but never fully commit to one. One day, science fiction or fantasy may suck me in and I’ll never look back. I may continue burning through memoirs, which have captivated me since high school. It’s unlikely, but I may even read every single novel, essay, poem, piece, play, and story I’ve ever wanted to. But I will never be done.

Case Study Apple Inc. - 1722 Words

Apple Inc. is a gigantic company which focuses mainly on technological products, and it is headquarters is located in California. The company is base out of California and it was established in 1976. The â€Å"founder of Apple is Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, and Ronald Wayne.† â€Å"Apple design develops, and sells consumer electronics, computer software, and online services.† Some common product of Apple includes â€Å"the iPhone smartphone, the iPad tablet computer, the Mac personal computer, the iPod portable media player, the Apple Watch smartwatch, and the Apple TV digital media player.† Apple s also make and sells products such as â€Å"the Mac OS and iOS operating systems, the iTunes media player, the Safari web browser, and the iLife and iWork creativity and productivity suites.† â€Å"Its online services include the iTunes Store, the iOS App Store and Mac App Store, and iCloud.† â€Å"Apple Macintosh† computer after its introduction in 1984, â€Å"was the first primary company which sold personal computer with a graphical user interface (GUI).† â€Å"Apple† created a name for itself for their innovations. In 1997, Steve Jobs returned to Apple because of loss of sales, and he introduced colorful iMac, and because of this Apple was successful again. â€Å"In 2001, Apple released the first generation of iPods and included media jukebox software called iTunes.† â€Å"Apple also launched an online media store as part of iTunes, which started off by selling music for .99 cents per song.† Over time, â€Å"the iTunes StoreShow MoreRelatedCase Study : Apple Inc.1349 Words   |  6 Pages Case Analysis: APPLE INC.: IPODS AND ITUNES Donna Martinelli TEXAS CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY September 3, 2014 Table of Contents Executive Summary..................................................................................................3 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..3 Defining the Challenge...............................................................................................3 Analyzing the case data....................Read MoreCase Study : Apple Inc. Essay1422 Words   |  6 PagesCase Study: Apple Apple Inc. focuses on the design, manufacture, and marketing of personal computers, mobile phones, multimedia devices, and portable music players. Apple Inc. offers consumers manufactured goods under the brand names Apple Watch, iPhone, iPad, Mac, iPod, and Apple TV. Enhancing the customer experience through their proprietary software applications iOS, X, OS, and watchOS brands; and services across their Apple Pay and iCloud products (Forbes.com, 2016). Explored in detail, Apple’sRead MoreApple Inc. Case Study1494 Words   |  6 PagesApple Inc. Case Study TABLE OF CONTENTS COMPANY OVERVIEW General Description Historical Outline Industry Current Challenges Ethics and Responsibility STRATEGIC INFORMATION Mission Statement Competition SWOT Analysis HISTORICAL FINANCIAL ANALYSIS Historical Financial Information Competitive Financial Analysis Summary FUTURE PLANS Competitive Advantage Recent Performance Business Environment Recommendations Zackery Butler, Connor Daugherty, Stanashia Davis, Gabrielle Drohan, and Lauren SpearsRead MoreCase Study : Apple Inc.1971 Words   |  8 PagesCritical Essay Introduction Apple Inc. is a globally recognised pioneer in the tech industry. It is a corporation that designs, develops and sells electronic products such as tablets, computers and phones. Founded by Ronald Wayne, Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak in 1976, it is a multinational corporation with headquarters in Cupertino, California. Tim Cook has been CEO since Jobs’ passing in 2011. Labour conditions Despite its global recognition and status, Apple Inc. has come under scrutiny in recentRead MoreCase Study : Apple Inc.2083 Words   |  9 PagesBackground This paper presents a case study of Apple Inc. Apple Inc. is a technology based corporation with emphasis on computer software and hardware (MAC and Apps), tablets (IPad), smart phones (IPhone), and mp3 plays, (ITouch). Apple Inc. has grown tremendously over the years and ever since 2001 has expanded its brand and retail stores to over 375 stores/outlets globally. The business has seventy two thousand eight hundred employees in thirty eight countries. Apple Inc. has truly become one of theRead MoreCase Study : Apple Inc. Essay6014 Words   |  25 PagesIntroduction On a daily basis we all encounter all forms of technology. There are several technological corporations in the current industry but one stands out†¦.Apple Inc. Apple Inc. is an international corporation, situated in Cupertino, California. The company designs, manufactures and markets consumer electronics and computer software products. Apple is well known for its hardware products such as Macintosh computers, the iPod, the iPhone and its innovative software such as the Mac OS X operating systemRead MoreCase Study : Apple Inc.1943 Words   |  8 Pages Apple Inc was incorporated in 1977 by Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs. As a startup company Apple Inc went through several management changes and conflicts which caused the company to lose some of its competitive advantage against companies like Dell, Gateway and Microsoft. The company designs and manufactures various products in the computer and music industry. Apple being strictly a personal computer company decided to venture into marketing other products like the iPod, a digital music player, andRead MoreApple Inc Case Study851 Words   |  4 PagesApple inc. 1) Introduction Background and summary This article present the story of Steve Jobs and it’s Apple company through two aspects. From the company history perspective and the product industry perspective. On company history side: Apple was founded by two Steves. Apple board later fired Jobs and gradually went near bankruptcy. Till 1997, Apple brought back Jobs and became the most valuable company in the world in 2012. On the product industry side, Article dig into the fieldRead MoreCase Study : Apple Inc.1417 Words   |  6 Pageschanged the world with Apple Inc Company. Both of them was out of college, they were making so much money in the computer company Apple was started with introduction of computer I computer on April 1, 1976. Apple was incorporated January 3, 1977. The Apple II was introduced on April 16, 1977 at the first West Coast computer Faire. The Apple II was chosen to be the desktop platform for the ground breaking use call spreadsheet program. He was created a business market for the Apple II and gave home usersRead MoreCase Study : Apple Inc.1732 Words   |  7 PagesApple Inc. is a California based company that was incorporated in 1977. According to University of Oregon Investment Group, â€Å"Apple operates out of 8 different segments: Desktops, Portables, iPod, iPhone, iPad, other music related products and services, peripherals and other hardware, software, service and oth er sales† (2012). According to the company’s 2013 10-K, â€Å"Apple sells its products worldwide through its retail stores, online stores, and direct sales force, as well as through third-party cellular

Essay on The Reasons Sex Offenders Offend - 792 Words

The Reasons Sex Offenders Offend I am going to look at two books, which explain why people become sex offenders. The first book that I looked at examines four theories. These theories are psychodynamic theories, behavioral theories, biological theories, and empirical theories. The second book that I looked at showed some case studies of men that had committed sex offences and looked at some of the different things that caused these men to offend. The first theory is the psychodynamic theory, which looks at three ways of classifying the purpose of the act. The first is an aggressive purpose, which is to humiliate, dirty and belittle the victim. This purpose usually shows that the men usually have a lot of trouble in heterosexual†¦show more content†¦The third one is rape is basically a disorder of violence and that there are physiological and genetic aspects in the tendency for violence. The fourth and final theory is the empirical theory and there are a few different empirical theories of why men rape. One of these theories is that some men believe that they have the right to take sex from a woman if the opportunity comes along. There is a quote from two researchers Medea and Thompson who said, it is time†¦for women to stop thinking of rapists as crazy men†¦The rapist is the man next door.(Hollin, p. 43). Another one of these theories is that physical and sexual abuse was found in the childhood histories of many rapists. Another theory looks at a study by Malamuth, which came up with six predictor factors for sexual aggression, dominance as a sexual motive, hostility toward women, attitudes, facilitating violence, antisocial characteristics/psychoticism, and sexual experience. (Hollin, p. 44) Malamuth found that these factors were successful in predicting sexual violence and bringing these factors in with interactions with the predictor increased its success even more. The second book that I looked at showed some case studies of men that had committed sexual offences. The first one was a man who had sexually molested young boys. He had been unpopular as a child and also had a poor relationship with his father where there was little interaction. He was wrestling with a friend when he was younger andShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Criminal Experience On Perceived Detection Risk956 Words   |  4 Pagesservices work differently for each offender. The author stated that â€Å"one possible explanation for small average effects are individual differences in deterrability: Individuals might differ in their reactivity to information they receive such that some offenders react strongly to their experiences, while others are less deferrable (Piquero et al.2011, p. 355). We as a society can understand the idea that general deterrence is an effect of punishment of people that offend on others that have not yet committedRead MoreSex Offenders And Sexual Offenders Essay1420 Words   |  6 Pages 2015), thus may be a reason as to why there has been such interest around child sexual offenders in criminology. Furthermore, sexual offending tends to be seen as an attribute in an individual that is unchangeable, with this there is potential that some may see child sex offenders in a more unfavourable light when being compared to a murder. Considering the statement above, it is also believed that sexual offenders are more likely to re-offend than other type of offenders because this type of violenceRead MoreThe Public Safety Canada1549 Words   |  7 Pagesthere were over 500 offenders who received special designations and who were serving an indeterminate sentence, twenty-one offenders were serving both a life sentence and an indeterminate sentence. More th an 95 percent of dangerous offenders were held in custody, while close to four percent of dangerous offenders were released back to the community but under the supervision. Moreover, twelve out of twenty dangerous sexual offenders remained in custody while three Habitual Offenders were released backRead MorePedophilia Is A Severe Personality Disorder That Effects1712 Words   |  7 Pages The effect of such traits will be analyzed in this paper as it is a primary incentive for their criminal offenses. Pedophiles are separated into different groupings that contain a variety of motives that explain how long they will offend for and the specific reasons for why. Evolution also plays a crucial role in their offenses as it involves the competitive nature of mating. Demonstrating a low antisocial, low self worth, and need for power allows for their negative behaviours to thrive. PedophiliaRead MoreSex Crimes: Can Sex Offenders Be Rehabilitated?3878 Words   |  16 Pages Sex Crimes - Can Sex Offenders be rehabilitated? Table of Contents Introduction to Sex Crimes 3 Literature Review 5 Origin of the Behavior of Sex Offenders 6 Can Sex Offenders be rehabilitated? 8 Controversial Arguments 11 Conclusion 14 References 16 Introduction to Sex Crimes Since the world has penetrated into the epoch of twenty first century, it has experienced gargantuan changes in almost every sphere of life whether it is social, economic, political, technological, environmentalRead MoreShould Sex Offenders Be Treated?1620 Words   |  7 PagesThe words â€Å"sex offender† immediately make you think of horrible memories of a crime show that portrays sex offenders being a stranger who continually again rapes women, or a pedophile harming multiple children but in many cases this is not the case. Worldwide sexual offenders are the most sought out to continue to offend even after sentencing. Investigated by the Bureau of Justice statistics it showed that us of 9,700 tracked sex offenders only 5.3% of these were re-arrested for a sex offense. (ReformRead MoreShould Sex Offenders Be Allowed?1544 Words   |  7 PagesThe words â€Å"sex offender† immediately make you think of horrible memories of a crime show that portraits sex offenders be ing a stranger who over and over again rapes women, or a pedophile harming multiple children but in many cases this is not the case. Worldwide sexual offenders are the most sought out to continue to offend even after sentencing. Investigated by the bureau of justice statistics it showed that us of 9,700 tracked sex offenders only 5.3% of these were re-arrested for a sex offense.Read MoreDistinguishing Antecedent Traits of Juvenile Sex Offenders Essay examples2629 Words   |  11 Pagesnew phenomenon there has been a dramatic increase in the concern of this problem over the last two decades. As the number of juvenile sex offenders arrested increases, the recognition of it as a serious issue also increases. The anxiety over juvenile sex crimes has led to a wide variety of research being conducted to determine if there are antecedent traits in offenders. The tremendous data collected and analyzed to try to understand the factors leading a juvenile to sexually violate has piloted a wi deRead MoreRetributive Justice vs. Restorative Justice865 Words   |  4 Pagesis a theory of justice that considers that punishment, if proportionate, is a morally acceptable response to crime. On the other hand, restorative justice is the opposite. It is a theory of justice that focuses on the needs of the victims and the offenders. So which of these should be morally right? Retributive justice means an eye for an eye. Meaning your punishment will equal to the harm you’ve done. If one goes out and kill, they may receive life in prison. Depending on the situation they couldRead MoreThe Use Of GPS Monitoring System908 Words   |  4 Pagesinteractions of the offender(s) on a daily basis. Electronic monitoring is an alternative form of punishment instead of going to jail. This method helps lower the rate at which individuals are being sent to prison. GPS tracking uses a combination of networks to channel the data that is received and transmits them into the device. A tamper resistant bracelet or anklet is worn by the offender (Bulman, 2013). This type of monitoring is especially reserved for high risk offenders who commit serious offenses

Marketing Principles Free Essays

Marketing describes –product, good services and customers. Marketing all aboutidentify customer need and satisfying customer with products and make profit. In Mr Tan’swords [22/4/13] â€Å"marketing is mutually satisfying exchange at profit in the long term†. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Principles or any similar topic only for you Order Now Marketing isthe built-up relationship and created customer delight, capture value from customer to create profit and customer quality. Marketing process identify customer need, situation analysis and marketing strategy decisions about product prise distribution and promotion and then how this is implemented monitored and controlled. A. Situation Analysis:- In a situation analysis a company need to understand customer need and carefully think about company resources and capability in which it is operating. Some point can be used for situation analysis -5c, Pest analysis, Swot analysis. a) 5c:- 5c presentcompany, customers, completions collaborations and climate. Company present internal situations, sources, availability and options. Customer, compitions, collaborations climate are external situation. For example tescowas tea but when they analysis customer need then tesco start adding brand and products in their business. In other example, Tesco analysis customer by rewarding club card points, in this way tesco gathering all information about customer need, interest, and product and spending. b) PEST Analysis:- Political, economic, socitical and technological factors come pest analysis. Day by day customer need is changing, because of change economy society and change of interest. After second war Jack tesco funder launched a food rationing to make sure everyone received an equal amount if food[political, economic] Now England is multicultural country so tesco selling so many ethnic products to serve different community [societal]. Tesco add electrical product intesco market according to customers need. [technology] c) SWOT Analysis:- Strength, weakness, opportunity and threats is in swot analysis. For example strength- tesco was the only one and one only retailers and had no competitors. Opportunities-Tesco has 50 branches and soon 1939 have doubled branches. Weakness and threats- after opening 150 stores tesco business was going down because of internal weakness. Then mr Jack son-in-law came and manage all business. B. Marketing Strategy:- Marketing strategy that combines all its marketing goals into one comprehensive plan. A good marketing strategy should be drawn from good marketing research and focused on the right product mix in order to achievethe maximumprofit potential and grow the business. The marketing strategy is the foundation of a marketing plan, this includes- segmentation targeting, positioning the product within the target market. C. Marketing mix decisions:- After marketing making market strategy Tesco take decisions about marketing mix. Marketing mix includes 4 basic things which are known as 4 ps, they are following as: * Product: – Tesco identify and design their product. * Price: – Tesco fix the prices for their products. * Place: – Tesco identify a specific area in which they will introduce their product. * Promotion:- Tesco make advertising campaigns to advertise their products by using different mediums of advertisement such as electronic media, print media. D. Implementation and Control:- After situation analysis, marketing strategy, marketing mix decisions Tesco launched their product in market. They implement their all strategies on product and also on target market. They control and monitor their products such as is their product fulfils the customer needs and wants. POSITIONING positioning helps establish product or services to identify within the eyes of the customers. A company positioning strategy is related to customers’ motivation and requirements, as well as by its competitors. Tesco express store mainly in high street to target working people who have less time for shopping VALUE PROPOSITION TO THE TARGET MARKET A value roposition is a promise of value to be delivered and a believe from the customer that value will be experienced. 2. 2 MARKETING MIX DECISIONS Marketing mix dicision is mixture of product, pricing, distribution and promotion, and make decisions and policies to maximise profit and minimise cost. Product development –product is the physical product or services which is company offer to consumers. product development include appearance, pa ckaging, warranty etc. Tesco adding and changing products according to customer need. Prise-prising decisions is important in marketing mix decisions,company have to consider product production cost , advertising,prising response of competitors and margin Distribution contracts- the distribution system performs transactional, logical and facilitating functions. Distribution contract help to company to put the products in market Promotion – promotion decisions are communicating and selling the products in market. Promotions decision involve advertising, public relation media type ect. 2. IMPLEMENTION AND CONTROL Implementation is a type of feedback, inimplementationmonitor all business activities and identify problem and shortfall in business. As the market change the marketing mix can be adjusted to accommodate the changes and can control on business. Often Small changes in consumer wants can addressed by changing the advertising massage, if the change become more significant, a product re-design or entirely new product may be needed. In Tesco for example horse meat was found in beef burgers and other products, Tesco removed all products containing horse meat and apologised to all their customers. How to cite Marketing Principles, Papers Marketing Principles Free Essays 1.   Vitamins segmentation can be done under two factors of demographic segmentation: age and life-cycle stage and gender. For example: many companies have vitamins for kids that taste fruity and come in an assortment of colors compared to the vitamins for adults. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Principles or any similar topic only for you Order Now Vitamins are also different for men and women. When we take credit cards into consideration, although consumer segmentation is important, segmenting business markets is quite important too. Customers may already carry a certain credit card but they must also have an outlet to use that credit card. Henceforth, companies must maintain relationships with the merchants segment that already carry the cards and try to convince new ones to carry the card as well. The most important segmentation variable for coffee would be under behavioral segmentation. A large part of the American population drinks coffee; it’s a morning ritual for most. To do effectively segment the market, coffee companies such as Starbucks should asses the usage rate to see whether the consumer is a light, medium, or heavy product user. Heavy users are more likely to be loyal customers therefore the company should fulfill all their needs to keep them loyal. Light users should be the target of advertisements to bring them in and hopefully turn them in to loyal customers. 2. International markets can be segmented geographically, economically, politically and culturally. Companies can also use inter-market segmentation where the form â€Å"segments of consumers who have similar needs and buying behavior even though they are located in different countries.† (Kotler and Armstrong 207) This concept can be used to segment an ipod because the basic purpose is storing an enormous amount of music into a small portable device. It doesn’t matter what kind of music is stored in the ipod so all the barriers are broken. 3.   Question 1- What is the size of the population that can afford to purchase this product? Question2- Will the segments be reached through television advertisements? Question 3- Are we targeting the same segment that we’ve chosen for our already successful mega-whopper burger? Question 4- Or are we segmenting on a completely different basis? Question 5- Can we successfully promote our product to the particular segment? 4. You are product manager of a financial services product that is being sold directly to consumers over the Internet. The most important measure to the company is customer acquisition cost – the cost associated with convincing a consumer to buy the service. You have been conducting tests with both a concentrated and undifferentiated segmentation strategy, and the results are presented here. Which strategy is the best? Why? An undifferentiated segmentation strategy is best because the cost is already low since the customer is reached through the internet. The internet allows company’s to do a lot for a lot less and you can reach out to a large amount of people therefore having less costs and more customers. 5.   Microsoft’s Window XP Professional is a product. A service provides the company to make a direct face to face contact with a customer. The level of satisfaction can be predicted right away in providing a service. On the other hand, a product must be taken home and thoroughly used to find out if it fulfills all the needs and wants of a customer and whether the customer was delighted. When someone buys a laptop that has Windows XP Professional installed on it they can judge it after they have used it for a while and figure out whether it was fully satisfying or not. Core benefit- Like the Microsoft XP homepage tagline, the customer purchases the freedom to do what he/she wants at the office or at home. Actual Product- the box that the software comes in and the cd Augmented product- a warrantee and free repair service incase of virus damage, customer service for dealing with any difficulties encountered with the product 6. a laptop- shopping a surgeon- specialty automobile tires- convenience 7.   Line extensions- two-seater snowboard; large, small, or medium snowboard Brand extensions- from Johny’s snowboards to Johny’s golf clubs or Johny’s basketball gearMultibrands- Sonia’s snowboards for women New brands- Tommy’s luxury snow goods 8. Concept testing is very important because it tells about what the consumers think about your product. Ideas are generated into concepts which then serve the market. To make sure that they are successful in the market a concept test is necessary. Through a marketers eyes the innovative idea he came up with might be great but it has to work with that the publics wants and needs. To ensure that your product will not be a failure or have a fair idea that it will go towards the ladder of success and not incur a multimillion dollar loss to the company, concept testing is a must. 9.   I would not test market a necessity product, more specifically, an unbranded necessity product such as wheat, or rice, or perhaps tap water. Tap water has to be paid for, and it can even be a little branded. In some peoples opinions New York City’s tap water is way better than the chlorinated water of Houston but no one goes and does concept testing for this. 10. In the growth stage a company can have a dominant position by spending a lot on promotion and distribution and continuously improving their product. By doing this the firm gets a high market share, however, it has to give up short term profit. Therefore, to get a high market share, the company has to give a current high profit.   11. Product- the product is doing well but innovation is the key to success Price- price adjustments have to made according to situation Place- market share can be increased if the toys are placed in more stores Promotion- heavy promotion can be done during Christmas season 12. Cost based pricing is done by adding a standard markup to the cost of producing the product. Whereas, value based pricing can have a very high range because it’s based on the customer’s perception of the value of the product. Value based pricing can usually be done adding a few value added benefits and charging a high price for them. 13. Internal factors of pricing include marketing objectives, the marketing mix strategy, costs and organizational considerations. Depending on what Sony wants to accomplish through its MP3 player will dictate the price. If Sony wants to skim the market it’s going to charge a high price initially but if Sony wants to penetrate the market it will have lower prices initially. Also price decisions have to be coordinated with the whole picture. They must be in sync with the way the product is designed, the promotion and distribution. 14.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Break-Even Volume= Fixed cost/(Price –variable cost) Fixed cost= 3133 + 8560 + 2213 + 27653 + 1650 + 18386 + 1904 + 4855 + 3159 + 3960 = 76461 Price= 10.35 Assumed variable cost= 7 Break-Even Volume= 22824.179 15. Psychological factors play a huge rule in the way a consumer responds to purchasing a product. Companies often use this tactic to psychologically motivate customers to purchase their product. For example, instead of pricing a product $100, the company might price it $99.99 or $99.98. People usually set targets for how much to spend when they are out shopping. If a person has made up his mind to not to spend $100 he might be psychologically motivated by an item that is priced at $99.99 and go ahead and make the purchase although its pretty much the same thing as spending $100. 16. Different countries face different economic conditions which affects the markets buying power. If an international company sets a uniform worldwide price for a commodity type product it may not make too many profits. Something that is sold for $5 dollars in the United States would translate to approximately Rs. 250 in India. If in Indian has Rs.250 he/she might not spend that money for the same thing the American would pay $5 dollars for. 17. Cingular offers lower prices for their plans compared to Sprint. For example, if Cingular charges 59.99 or 79.99 or 94.99 for 900 minutes, Sprint offers 89.99 for 900 minutes but offers unlimited for 99.99. Although Cingular might be giving better options for a lower price, Sprint prices strategically by offering unlimited in just a few dollars more. Both companies tactfully use psychological pricing. Works Cited â€Å"Family Cell Phone Plans.† ATT. 31 Mar 2008 https://www.att.com/shop/wireless/data-plans.html. â€Å"Individual Cell Phone Plans.† ATT. 31 Mar 2008 https://www.att.com/shop/wireless/plans/planconfigurator.html?tab=whpi. Kotler, Philip, and Gary Armstrong. Principles of Marketing. 11. Prentice Hall, 2001. Kotler, Phillip, and Kevin Keller. Marketing Management. 12. Prentice Hall, 2001. â€Å"Microsoft Windows XP professional.† Microsoft. 31 Mar 2008   https://support.microsoft.com/ru-ru/allproducts. â€Å"Services.† ATT. 31 Mar 2008 https://www.att.com/shop/wireless/features/featureslist.html. How to cite Marketing Principles, Essay examples

Information System of Mashreq Bank

Objectives of the Research Paper The objective of this research is to demonstrate how Mashreq Bank has benefited from the adoption and implementation of Microsoft windows based platform in its core banking operations. The windows platform is becoming increasingly attractive to large banks. It is used to support their primary banking services that include ATM, Internet banking in addition to branch and call center operations.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Information System of Mashreq Bank specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Overview and background for Mashreq Bank Mashreq bank is the largest private sector bank operating in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The company has approximately USD $14 billion worth of assets. The bank offers financial services through its 60 branches in UAE and Qatar. Mashreq is regarded as a pioneer in banking in the UAE fully dedicated to offering full financial services both to its commercial and retail banking customers. It was the pioneer bank in the region to issue credit, and debit cards, implement a call center, 24-7 access to automated teller machine, and link its branches to a centralized online database. Before shifting to the windows based platform the company had significant performance challenges in meeting service levels on the Unisys (NCR) mainframe processor. Batch processing consumed up to six hours on a daily basis and up to nine hours at the end of the month. Furthermore, the central processing unit usage was approximately 90% that resulted in backlogs in processing and reduced the companys ability to meet new product and processing demands. Mashreq Bank Vision and Mission The banks vision of single minded devotion and leadership differentiates it from the competition. The mission include; delivery of superior service, becoming customers primary bank, being the preferred employer and establishing good relationship with all the stakeholder s. These are meant to ensure that the company delivers optimal value to its stakeholders. Mashreq service units and product Divisions The bank has four major divisions that include; financial institutions, corporate, personal and SME banking. Financial Institutions These division deals with the provision of tailored financial solutions to the banks institutional clients. Products and services offered under this category include trade and account services, virtual branch, funds transfer, cash letter services and online banking services (Mashreg 1).Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Corporate Division The corporate division handles issuance of checkbooks, maintenance of accounts, cash management products and payments, in ward and outward remittances, updating of trade license and the provision of letters of credit, documentary collections, discounting and guarantees (Ma shreg 2) Personal Banking Division This division offers deposit and deposit growth services, borrowing services that include; loans, credit cards and overdraft facilities. Customers are also provided with mobile and inline banking platforms for them to manage their finances (Mashreg 1). SME Banking Division The financial solutions offered under the SME division are similar to those of personal banking category except that they are offered to small and medium enterprises. Organizational Chart (Source: Cogmap 1) Role of Information Systems in Mashreq’s Strategy and Business Model.  Mashreqs Strategy The bank pursues a strategy of operating prudently and profitably. In the banks strategic plan over the period 2011-2013, the bank intends to maintain its leading position as a financial solutions provider not only in the UAE but also in the wider Arab region.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Information System of Mashreq Bank specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In its lending operations, the bank has been very cautious in avoiding instances of bad debts and non-performing loans. In terms of technology, following the Banks adoption of Microsoft platform, the bank has strengthened its online banking system by upgrading to a new online banking system that has enhanced security features. The new Microsoft platform has provided Mashreq customers with added banking services, increased the customers security level and widened the scope of financial transactions. The banks adoption of online banking is part of Mashreqs broader strategy geared toward the delivery of convenience and security in online banking transactions. Because of its leadership in technological innovation, Mashreq opted to upgrade its mainframe infrastructure. The bank wanted a system that could well apply in its development cycles, a system that could easily connect core banking applications and other banking systems. The companys management were interested in a system that could support its continued expansion and high volumes of transactions arising from the growth. As at 2005, the daily peak average for the bank stood at 1.5 million transactions and a result the new system had to handle such a large load and even more. After consultation with the Dubai Microsoft office, the company opted for a solution based on Microsoft technology (Microsoft 2). The new Microsoft platform was subjected to a series of tests before the bank adopted it. The results from the test indicated that the volume of online transaction processing increased by 60 percent compared to the Unisys mainframe environment. Similarly batch processing results indicated that the new platform was 300 percent faster than the mainframe. Because of the positive results, Mashreq bank fully migrated to SQL server 2000 and windows server 2003 64-bit technology. Role of Information Systems at Mashreq Bank Through the new system, the bank h as achieved more stable operations. In the first six months following the adoption of windows platform, the bank brought down the number of critical incidences involving its SQL server based banking platform. The positive outcome was a result of the good architecture provided by the windows based information system and optimization from the Dedicated Support Engineers (DSEs). Given that it was a new system, Microsoft gave the company a team of experts to help the company address ant incidences and know how to avoid similar problems in the future (Horton 6).Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The number of reactive incidents also declined. Other than improving the availability of the banks core banking servers, the IT team at Mashreq in collaboration with Dedicated Support Engineers (DSEs) worked together to improve and optimize Mashreqs internet information systems (IIS) which is the engine for its online banking services for both retail and business customers. The bank undertook a thorough check to ascertain if the new system was properly configured. Once this was confirmed, it embarked on the application of best practices. Because of these initiatives, Mashreq has managed to significantly reduce the volume of imprudent occurrences in the bank. From adoption, only one reactive occurrence has been reported at the bank in a period of five months. In general, the new banking platform has increased the level of service delivery and enhanced the banks ability to address emergencies. For example suppose there is an interruption in the main banking system, the bank has a rese rve backup that immediately fills the gap and service should continue without interruption. Similarly, the bank has achieved significant cost reductions following the adoption of the new information system. The moved from a reactive approach to critical incidences and embraced a more proactive approach. Similarly, the bank has engaged in server consolidation and virtualization. These developments have brought significant flexibility to the bank, and significantly reduced on its operating expenses. The duration of query at the bank reduced from half an hour to only 3 seconds. To date, the performance of Mashreq banks performance on the new SQL server has exceeded expectations. The bank significantly boosted its speed in processing operations especially for large volumes of time series data covering several years. In one instance, the bank managed to process 100 million records in only three seconds. This is quite remarkable considering that under the old platform it would have taken up to half an hour. The results are impressive considering that the SQL server is being run in a production environment and as a result able to deliver actual results. Using the new server, the bank has widened its presence. The SQL server is always on and provides high usability of the banks Customer Relationship Management (CRM) system and other key banking systems (Injazz and Popovich 5). The bank fully provides round the clock services throughout the year. Whenever there is a software or server failure, it switches its database to a secondary backup server ensuring that there is no service interruption (non-stop banking systems). Increased productivity of information technology is another role which the new platform has provided. In addition to boosting its presence within UAE, the bank found that the SQL server is much easier to set up, and it is quite intuitive. With the new Microsoft based platform, a manager does not need high levels of special skills in order to successfull y execute and manage consistent application operation. Similarly, when compared to other banking databases, performance tuning of the SQL server does not consume much effort. With just a few internal systems, the server makes it possible for Mashreq bank to handle a number of activities for example operations, development and management all at a time. The bank has had the SQL server for a few years yet the level of performance improvement in the short duration is quite high. The banks workload volume running in the new system has significantly increased. Using the databases created the banks divisions were consolidated into a single system by the banks IT team. The consolidation has delivered even more efficiency and automation by creating a system that is ever on instead of doing it on a batch basis. Improved customer service delivery, one of the merits of the SQL server is that it offers accurate and up to date business intelligence. Through the system, Mashreq is able to deliver up-to-date business information across all its branches so that the branch managers can make informed decisions on a daily basis. With its expansion strategy in UAE and beyond, the company understands that if it is to be successful, then it must give full access to customer data to its local offices. Similarly, the financial requests from the local branches must be addressed with speed. In retail banking, it is important that a bank has instant access to data when serving the customers. Mashreq offers an operating environment where customer data and other useful information gathered are disseminated to all branch networks. The bank boasts of close contact with its customers, and with its branches fully equipped with customer data, they are able to provide quality services that exceed the customers expectations. All this has been made possible because of the upgrade to SQL server. The Components of Information Systems The Microsoft SQL server comprises of four major components of whi ch three are sporting acronyms. The list below is used in determining the components of SQL server. Database Engine: This section of the SQL server deals with coming up with interrelated databases, SQL Server Analysis: it is the element of data analysis of SQL server. It produces online analytical cubes that are programming objects responsible for classifying data inside an interlinked database and getting relevant data out of the database, SQS Server Reporting system: This element is responsible for providing reports irrespective of the operating system of the database SQL Server integration services: is a component of SQL server that performs the function of transforming, extracting and loading the process that converts raw data into information that is ready for use. Enterprise manager: He is responsible for providing a general overview of installation on the network. The administrative roles played are of high level that has an effect on one or more servers. He is also responsib le for planning maintenance duties and transform organization of personal data bases. Query Analyzer provides fast criteria for delivering queries against the database for SQL server. It helps in analyzing information out of the database in reply to the request of the user before putting it into practice in other applications, coming up with stored procedures and performs administrative duties. SQL profiler; it helps one to check various types of events and scrutinize the performance of the database at a specific time. SQL server enables one to repeat the path of the system that has various tasks. It is a significant tool responsible for detecting specific problems and determining performance related issues with the database. Service manager is responsible for controlling the SQL service agent processes, Microsoft distributed transaction coordinator, and the main SQL server process. It has an image of the system that is found in the tray of the machine that helps the SQL to run. The service manager helps in starting, pausing or stopping any of these services. Data transformation systems: It offers a method for exporting and importing data between the SQL installation and a group of other formats. The most common application of data transformation system is export and import data wizard found in the SQL server program group Books online is offered with SQL server that includes answers to various development, administrative, and installation issues. It is an important resource to consult in case of a technical support or before starting the internet. SQL server administrative characteristics-the major function of the SQL server is to reduce the required knowledge when coming up with database applications, its interface enables majority of the information technology staff to combine their efforts in development. The SQL server helps many companies in developing database applications at a low cost. The latest system used with SQL server brings some developments in the database administration hence making it cheaper over long term. The major characteristics include: Administration through DMF that make use of policy based management for effective governance of the database. Centralized management through a single and steady administration interface. Mechanized operations to carry out database maintenance duties and react to the system issues. Close supervision across the enterprise through the performance studio, offering simple mechanisms for reporting. SQL server layout in Mashreq Bank (Source: Mashreq 3) Type of Information System and Technology Used For the managerial duties, Mashreq bank utilizes Executive Support Systems (ESS) in most of its branches within UAE. The system is especially ideal for board directors in formulating policies that help in the running of the company. The system uses various data analysis and modeling techniques to analyze the information gathered from various branch databases. The databases provide details o n transactions carried out on daily basis. The branch information is then organized in the transaction processing system and translated into a form that the mangers can understand and use. The ESS system organizes information in a report format. The information indicates relevant patterns of profitability and demand useful in decision making and policy formulation. In addition, the ESS reports summarize the important details in a manner that can be easily understood by the companys board of directors who are in most cases busy. They give the directors an overview of how the company is operating. The system offers guidelines to managers on how they can formulate strategies which are later implemented by the branch managers through employees. The resulting strategies and objective are disseminated to the branches and the branch managers in turn pass them to the supervisors and employees at the branch level (Hunt 8). Mashreq departmental managers for example sales manager and public re lations manager make use of Decision Support Systems (DSS) in addition to Management Information Systems (MIS) in making departmental decisions. A marketing manager at Mashreq can use the management system and decision support system to come up with methods for increasing sales through marketing the branch at the grass root level. Through these systems, Mashreq has positioned itself ahead of the competitors. Mashreq bank equally uses Transaction Processing Systems (TPS). This system indicates the details of all the transactions undertaken at the branch level. The system is the foundation of all the other systems in the bank because it gives a significant amount of information on Mashreqs operations. The information gathered is utilized in executive support and management information systems to design services that meet the needs of the consumers. The sales division largely relies on the system in ascertaining the services and products that are most needed and as a result be in a pos ition to formulate the best promotional strategies. Majority of the information posted on the companys website is also sourced from the TPS. The last system in use is the Knowledge Management System (KMS). Through this system, the bank develops a central location in which a wide range of information is posted. The information posted in the central location comes from a number of sources that include research, transaction processing systems and employees. Employees are encouraged to share the ideas and opinions which can help the company improve performance and working conditions. The information collected is shared on the company intranet. Through this system, the bank has established productive relationship between management and employees because in the process of decision making, the management takes into consideration the views of the employees resulting in increased employee commitment and loyalty (Menon 4). Usability of Mashreqs Website Internet usage has enabled Mashreq bank to expand on the wide range of activities it provides. The bank has developed its own website to enable it perform these services better. The website information is readly accessible to the customers from wherever they are. For example, customers are able to access offshore and e commerce banking through its website. E-banking service has enabled the bank to serve its global customers. This banking service is provided to both nationals and internationals at a lower tax rate. This service is vital for foreign investors. The main objective of Mashreq bank coming up with this type of banking service was to provide banking services to people abroad. The bank has been able to win the trust and loyalty of its customers through maintaining a long-term good relationship with them. E-commerce and E-banking has enabled people to move from one country to another without moving with their finances. These customers can also possess debit cards that can enable them to own and access finances onli ne. Internet services allow people who practice offshore banking to access information internationally as long as they are connected. The bank uses the transaction processing system to provide information to its customers because it has information about the daily activities of the firm. The Mashreq bank uses this information to prepare bank statements and develop databases for its customers. Customers are able to access their bank accounts from where they are by logging in the website of the bank. Customers who are access to the internet can access their accounts at any time as long as they have access to the website of the bank. This enables customers to transfer money from and to their accounts at any time. It has also made it possible to access new electronic accounts. The website has also enabled customers to apply for loans and pay their bills from their homes. The bank also uses the knowledge information system to get information relating to the customers and the banks. The u se of internet and online banking has derived satisfaction to its customers. Comparison between the Current and the Previous Systems Previously, the bank was using the manual system before the introduction of online banking. For example customer who had an intention of opening an account in another country was expected to obtain a statement from the current account of Mashreq bank and present it to where he wished to open an account. The use of internet banking has changed this because a customer can open an account online. The bank also used UI system to perform its operations. Although there is introduction of the internet banking, some manual systems are still in operation. Disadvantages of Not Embracing the New Microsoft Technology Platform With the old Unisys mainframe, the bank suffered high maintenance costs and poor support from the vendors. In fact, with their NCR Unisys system coming to the end of its useful life, NCR would no longer offer support for the mainframe compute r and it was already getting difficult to find spare parts. Such a system could significant affect the banks performance because of failure to address issues quickly. Similarly, its growth prospects were limited by the functionality and capability of the old Unisys NCR system because of inability to initiate and implement new products in a timely manner. The old system was equally unable to deliver customer centricity which meant that the competitors were having an upper hand, and the company could not achieve the efficiencies associated with real-time straight through processing. Benefits of the Microsoft Platform to Mashreq Bank The bank enjoys more technological possibilities Following the adoption of Microsoft platform, Mashreq has a wider variety of technologies to choose from given that the technology is a viable option even under critical situations. The bank is working in collaboration with a team of experts from Microsoft and because of this the bank has fully taken advanta ge of new technologies as they become available. Its engagement with Microsoft has opened the bank to a wealth of possibilities. With a wide range of technology available at its disposal, Mashreq has embraced new technologies that address its needs and those of its customers. Savings in Deployment Effort and Time Just months following the negotiations between Microsoft and Mashreq bank, the bank had the SQL server 2000 solution up and running in its production process. Taking into consideration the size and scope of the new information system, its deployment was relatively faster compare to other information technology projects that the bank had undertaken. The Microsoft Technology Center (MTC) in Dubai offered training to Mashreq IT employees. The knowledge and skills that they gained through the training was very instrumental when the bank was migrating its core banking applications. The performance achieved in the production environment was even much better than the one registere d in the test environment. Readily Available Expertise Even though Mashreq bank has capable internal human capital, its engagement with MTC further provided the bank with the necessary expertise in helping the bank understand particular technologies and the best ways to achieve technical and business needs. The architecture provided by MTC highlights the importance of efficient use of technology. Currently, Mashreq bank is in a position to validate its proposed information system solutions and achieve high levels of performance. How information systems help the Mashreq deal with its problems and compete in the industry Currently, 70-75 percent of the banks initiatives are technology driven. To the bank, technology has moved from being an enabler to a critical growth driver. With its innovative technology, the bank is in a position to deliver creative product offerings to its corporate and retail clients. The bank was the pioneer in introducing chip card in the United Arabs Emirates (UAE) and the bank is striving to maintain its leading position in the market. Initially, the bank was facing a problem of obsolete technology which resulted in significant inefficiency in service delivery. To address this problem, the bank undertook organization-wide technology overhaul. Through this initiative, it replaced all legacy systems in its product processors, core banking, and front office systems. The change was not limited to software applications; the bank upgraded the hardware and the network as well. The bank upgraded into fault tolerant superdome servers and introduced new ATMs. In terms of processing, the bank introduced imaging and workflow. Initially, the bank focused on the adoption of homemade systems, however to address the associated inefficiencies, it the bank has now embraced the best of breed practices and solutions which have given it optimal gains in the competitive banking industry. By using the various information system technologies, Mashreq has manag ed to sufficiently its retail and corporate customers in the UAE. The banks management at various levels have managed serve millions of customers in the UAE market. In addition, a significant number of the management team uses the information systems in making decisions. The bank equally makes use of its internet to coordinate the activities of its branches. The information system has equally helped the bank to establish a number of systems that include business to customer (B2C), Business to Business (B2B), Customer to Business (C2B). Through these platforms, the bank has offered its various products to its customers. As a bank, Mashreq has successfully utilized a number of information systems in its operations. The systems have been utilized not only for functions within the company but also those outside the company. At the internal level, the systems have been instrumental by management all levels in decision making. In addition, the systems have facilitated the organization and dissemination of information to interested parties. The bank has also utilized the systems as a tool for marketing because it uses the system to update its customers of any improvement or the introduction of a new product or service. Other stakeholders have equally been able to access the banks information from its knowledge management system. Works Cited Cogmap. â€Å"Mashreq organizational chart.†Ã‚   2012. Web. Horton, D. â€Å"Bank in Dubai maximizes its core banking system through support engineer offering.† Mashreq. 2009. Web. Hunt, R. â€Å"Microsoft and core system vendors position windows for large banks: if you build it, will they come?† Tower Group. 2008. Web. Injazz, C. and Popovich, K. Understanding customer relationship management (CRM): People, process and technology. Business Process Management Journal 9. 5 (2003): 672-688. Mashreg. â€Å"Financial insititutions.† Mashreq. 2012. Web. Menon, S. Technology led innovation regime. Inside Talk 1.2 (2009): 1-3. Microsoft. â€Å"Mashreq employs virtualization benefits with VMware.† Customer Success Story. 2011. Web. This research paper on Information System of Mashreq Bank was written and submitted by user Charle1gh to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Quarry Sites - The Archaeological Study of Ancient Mining

Quarry Sites - The Archaeological Study of Ancient Mining To an archaeologist, a quarry or mine site is where a particular raw material- stone, metal ore, or clay- was mined in the past to be used to make stone tools, to carve blocks for building or statuary, or to make ceramic pots. Significance Some quarries used by ancient people were located near their point of use, regularly visited and fiercely protected from other groups as part of claimed territory. Other quarries, especially those for portable goods such as stone tools, were hundreds of miles away from the point of use, where the stone tools were found. In those cases, the people might have found the quarry on a hunting trip, made tools there and then carried the tools with them for a few months or years. Some high quality materials might also have been traded as part of a long distance exchange network. Artifacts made from far away resources are called exotic compared to local artifacts. Quarry sites are significant because they provide a wealth of information concerning the day-to-day living of people in the past. How well did a particular group understand and use the resources in their neighborhoods? How important was it for them to use high quality materials, and for what? How do we determine what a high quality resource means for an object or building? Questions Posed at Quarries At the quarry site itself, there might be evidence of the technical knowledge a society had about mining, such as the types of tools they used to excavate and shape materials. Quarry sites can also have workshops- some quarries were also production sites, where objects might be partly or completely finished. There might be tool marks on the outcrop showing how the workers pried the material out. There might be spoil heaps and discarded materials, which can illustrate what attributes that made a resource unusable. There might be encampments, where the miners lived while they were working. There might be inscriptions on the outcrops, such as notes about the quality of the material, or prayers to gods for good luck, or graffiti from bored miners. There could also be cart ruts from wheeled vehicles or other evidence of infrastructure suggesting how the material was transported to the point of use. The Challenge of Quarries Quarries are difficult to discover, because sometimes they are hard to see and scattered across the region. Outcrops of a particular source can cover many acres across a wide landscape. An archaeologist could find a stone tool or a pot or a stone structure at an archaeological site, but finding where the raw material to make that object or building came from is difficult, unless there are already quarries for that type of material that have been identified. Potential quarry sources can be found by using bedrock maps of the area, which are produced for the U.S. by the United States Geological Survey, and for the United Kingdom by the British Geological Survey: similar government-backed bureaus can be found for almost any country. Finding an outcrop open to the surface near an archaeological site, and then looking for evidence there that it was mined, can be an effective technique. Evidence could be tool marks, or excavation pits or campsites; but those might be difficult to identify if hundreds or thousands of years have passed since the quarry was used. Once a potential quarry has been identified, the archaeologist submits samples to a laboratory for sourcing, a process that breaks down the chemical or mineral content of a material, using Neutron Activation Analysis, or X-ray Fluorescence or another analytical tool. That provides a greater assurance that the proposed connection between tool and quarry is likely correct. However, quarries can vary in quality and content within a single deposit, and it may be that the chemical make up of the object and the quarry may never be perfectly matched. Some Recent Studies The following are some recent quarry studies, only a fraction of the available research which has been conducted. Wadi Dara (Egypt). This gold and copper mine was used during the Early Dynastic and Old Kingdom periods (3200–2160 BCE). Evidence includes pit trenches, tools (grooved stone axes and pounding slabs), smelting sites and slags from furnaces; as well as several huts where the miners lived. Described in Klemm and Klemm 2013. Carn Menyn (Preseli Hills, Wales, UK). The unique blend of rhyolites and dolerites at Carn Menyn mine were quarried for the 80 bluestones at Stonehenge, 136 miles (220 km) away. Evidence includes a scattering of broken or abandoned pillars of the same size and proportion as those at Stonehenge, and some hammer stones. The quarry was used before and after Stonehenge was built, between 5000–1000 BCE. See Darvill and Wainright 2014. Rano Raraku and Maunga Puna Pau Quarries (Rapa Nui aka Easter Island). Rano Raraku was the source of the volcanic tuff which was used to sculpt all 1,000 of the Easter Island statues (moai). The quarry faces are visible and several uncompleted statues are still connected to the bedrock. Described in Richards and others . Maunga Puna Pau was the source for the red scoria hats the moai wear, as well as other buildings used by the people of Rapa Nui between 1200–1650 CE. Described in Seager 2014. Rumiqolqa (Peru). Rumiqolqa was a quarry where Inca Enpire (1438–1532 CE) stonemasons excavated andesite for temples and other structures in the capital city of Cusco. Mning operations here entailed the creation of pits and cuts on the quarry landscape. Huge stone blocks were cut by using wedges placed in natural fractures, or by creating a line of holes then using wooden or bronze poles as pry bars, rock hammers and stone and bronze chisels. Some stones were further reduced in size before being dragged along the Inca road to their final destination. Inca temples were made of a variety of materials: granite, diorite, rhyolite, and andesite, and many of those quarries have been found and reported by Dennis Ogburn (2013). Pipestone National Monument (USA). This national monument in southwestern Minnesota was used as a source for catlinite, one of several mines scattered through the midwest that produce a sedimentary and metamorphic rock that was used by Native American communities to manufacture ornaments and pipes. Pipestone NM is known to have been an important religious and quarry site for historic period Native American groups during the 18th and 19th centuries CE. See Wisserman and colleagues (2012) and Emerson and colleagues (2013). Sources Bloxam, Elizabeth. Ancient Quarries in Mind: Pathways to a More Accessible Significance. World Archaeology 43.2 (2011): 149–66. Print.Darvill, Timothy, and Geoffrey Wainwright. Beyond Stonehenge: Carn Menyn Quarry and the Origin and Date of Bluestone Extraction in the Preseli Hills of South-West Wales. Antiquity 88.342:1099–14 (2014). Print.Emerson, Thomas, et al. The Allure of the Exotic: Reexamining the Use of Local and Distant Pipestone Quarries in Ohio Hopewell Pipe Caches. American Antiquity 78.1 (2013): 48–67. Print.Klemm, Rosemarie, and Dietrich Klemm. Gold Production Sites and Gold Mining in Ancient Egypt. Gold and Gold Mining in Ancient Egypt and Nubia. Natural Science in Archaeology: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. 51–339. Print.Kloppmann, W., et al. Tracing Medieval and Renaissance Alabaster Works of Art Back to Quarries: A Multi-Isotope (Sr, S, O) Approach. Archaeometry 56.2 (2014): 203–19. Print.Ogburn, Dennis E. Variation in Inca Bui lding Stone Quarry Operations in Peru and Ecuador. Mining and Quarrying in the Ancient Andes. Eds. Tripcevich, Nicholas and Kevin J. Vaughn. Interdisciplinary Contributions to Archaeology: Springer New York, 2013. 45–64. Print. Richards, Colin, et al. Road My Body Goes: Re-Creating Ancestors from Stone at the Great Moai Quarry of Rano Raraku, Rapa Nui (Easter Island). World Archaeology 43.2 (2011): 191–210. Print.Seager Thomas, Mike. Stone Use and Avoidance on Easter Island: Red Scoria from the Topknot Quarry at Puna Pau and Other Sources. Archaeology in Oceania 49.2 (2014): 95–109. Print.Summers, Geoffrey D., and Erol Ãâ€"zen. The Hittite Stone and Sculpture Quarry at Karakiz Kasabasi and Hapis Bogazi in the District of Sorgun, Yozgat, Central Anatolia. American Journal of Archaeology 116.3 (2012): 507–19. Print.Tripcevich, Nicholas, Jelmer W. Eerkens, and Tim R. Carpenter. Obsidian Hydration at High Elevation: Archaic Quarrying at the Chivay Source, Southern Peru. Journal of Archaeological Science 39.5 (2012): 1360–67. Print.Uchida, Etsuo, and Ichita Shimoda. Quarries and Transportation Routes of Angkor Monument Sandstone Blocks. Journal of Archaeological Science 40.2 (2013): 1158–64. Print.Wisseman, Sarah U., et al. Refining the Identification of Native American Pipestone Quarries in the Midcontinental United States. Journal of Archaeological Science 39.7 (2012): 2496–505. Print.

How to Avoid DV Green Card Lottery Scams

How to Avoid DV Green Card Lottery Scams Millions of people enter the United States diversity visa program (better known as the green card lottery) each year hoping to be selected for one of the 50,000 immigrant visas. The lottery is free to enter, but there are many businesses who offer services to assist people with their applications. While many of these businesses are legitimate, some exist only to scam innocent people out of their money. The U.S. State Department warns applicants to be on the lookout for these frauds and scam artists. Following are 5 tips to help you avoid being scammed. There Is No Fee to Download, Complete and Submit the Electronic Diversity Visa Entry Form If a website or business wants to charge you a fee for entering the green card lottery, the money does not go to the U.S. government; this is a fee for the companys services. There are legitimate companies that provide fee-based services to help immigrant-hopefuls register in the lottery, however, these businesses have to follow the exact same procedures as you do to submit your registration. You should carefully consider whether you really need to pay someone to put through an application on your behalf that would cost you nothing to submit. No One Can Claim to Have a Special Procedure or Form to Increase Your Chances of Winning There are really only two ways you can increase your chances of winning: Submit an application that is complete, error-free and meets the eligibility requirements to avoid having your entry disqualified.If both you and your spouse are eligible for the lottery, you can apply separately. If one of you wins, the other spouse can enter the country on the winning spouses visa. Watch for Websites Posing as U.S. Government Websites The website name may look like a government site with a similar-sounding name as a government agency, with flags and official-looking seals decorating the site and links to legitimate government addresses, but be careful the website could be an impostor. If the domain name doesnt end in .gov then it is not a government website. There is only one way to submit your diversity visa lottery entry, and thats through the U.S. State Department at www.dvlottery.state.gov. Some embassy websites do not have .gov as their domain, but you can link to the official U.S. embassies, consulates, and diplomatic missions websites. Green Card Lottery Winners Will Receive a Letter in the Mail The letter will contain  further instructions on how to complete the immigration process. Winners DO NOT receive notification by e-mail. If you are chosen as a lottery winner, an official letter from the U.S. Department of State Kentucky Consular Center in Williamsburg, Kentucky will be sent to the mailing address you provided in your application. You can check the status of your entry online at the E-DV website to confirm whether or not you are a winner. The online status check opens several months after the lottery registration period ends. If You Have Been Selected to Apply for a Diversity Visa, a Fee Will Be Required This application filing fee is  payable to the Department of State and  does not go to the person or business who submitted your lottery entry (if you paid someone for this service). No one is authorized by the Department of State to notify diversity visa lottery applicants of their winning entry, the next steps in the processing of applying for their visa or collect fees on behalf of the Department of State. Current fees for visa services are available on the Department of State website. Source U.S. State Department

Why was American management criticised so much in the 1980s, so widely Essay - 1

Why was American management criticised so much in the 1980s, so widely admired in the 1990s, and now so despised again - Essay Example This made the practices of the world war come into place, which was further influenced by the presence of the cold war during this time. This only worked to facilitate further bureaucracy as then times was found to be trying (Hood 1990, p.3). This pushed bureaucracy to a new level in that there was a hierarchy of order in relation to the order of business and conducting of transactions. Therefore, management revolved around the authority figures in the business whose decisions were arbitral and impulsive creating further unfavourable decisions for business as the country itself was in a state of panic based on the cold war (Smith 190, p.8). As such, there was little stability in management as many things were uncertain creating further room for abuse of office in relation to decision making for an organization. As a result, most of the administrative issues in businesses found in America came form decision making forms that were mainly centred on the manager. The manager in the insti tutions was the final authority in making decisions, where everything had to go through him or her. This explains the essence of bureaucracy in an organization, which led to the criticism of the management structures and their efficiency. In addition, American management was criticized much due to the antics employed by managers in running the business, where there was more talk than action to back the words in the business. Tis raised questions over the ability of the management to meet the needs of an organization, as the hype that came with the turf of managerial positions did not produce any substance to show that the leader had any expertise to look after the company and drive it profitability. In this, there were only more attempts to make businesses look more profitable than they actually were, which translates to the emphasis on public relations than production of substance to speak for the business. The despicable conduct of management in this case was the use of unconventi onal means or military means such as propaganda to drive businesses and see that they were in a position to make profit or at least engage investors. American management in the 1980s also faced criticism based on the failure of management to deliver on the promises it made on their products and services as is seen through the application of hyped products that were out of reach, showing how little management was doing to meet the needs of their consumers. This way, the competence of American management was in question as there were discrepancies that showed American management to be a fraud thriving on propaganda to drive its popularity through pricy products whose promises were not up to standard, in terms of price. Technology in management also saw American management criticized in the 1980s as it provided businesses with opportunities to develop further, however, American management cut back on the application of technology in business to maximize the productivity of businesses, which saw significant criticism. In relation to this, American management was more intent on mass production methods and not on the desired quality of products. This proved to be poor management s there was mass failure in productivity and decision-making due to bureaucracy and integration of management with other professionals that did not have any expertise in the businesses they were managing. This is generally a failure in the American management system of the 1980s as they were unable to handle business based on expertise, but based on status, which did not look at critical aspects of running a business. In the 1990s, things changed for the better for American manageme

The Communication of Window Displays Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Communication of Window Displays - Essay Example Henry Selfridge, the owner of Selfridge retailer store and the initiator of visual merchandising understood the significant of window display. Thus, he came up with innovative window designs in order to communicate to customers on the available brand offered in the Selfridge store. The creative director of Burberry store (London-Regent Street), Christopher Bailey also came with innovative ideas for communicating to the shoppers about the brands available in the store. Selfridges and Burberry are among the fashion retailer companies that employ window displays strategy in order to increase sales in the highly competitive global market. Bhalla and Anuraag (2010, p.145) argue that wherein gratification precedes loyalty, retailers have learn that it is through being smart that one can achieve success in the highly competitive market. Therefore, retailers attempt to use window displays as a strategy of communicating to the consumer about the products and services they deliver to them. Selfridges London and Burberry use window display in order to communicate at physical interfaces with the consumer right from the point of sighting the store or the shop. The aim of window display is to catch the attention of the consumer at the store front and entice him or her into the shop; thus creating enough interest for him or her to make a consumption decision. This technique of window display is known as visual marketing; hence, retailers use this technique to deliver a differentiated and shopping experience. Visual marketing technique plays significant role in shopper acquisition and customer loyalty, in which a lot of efforts and expenditure are invested (Bhalla and Anuraag 2010, p.145). Additionally, window displays create first impressions of the retailer stores and its offering through tactical communication. For instance, Selfridges London and Burberry retailers use art and visual communication designs or images for sustaining the preference of the

History of Beer :: Expository Essays Research Papers

History of Beer Between 10,000 and 15,000 years ago, some humans discontinued their nomadic hunting and gathering and settled down to farm. Grain was the first domesticated crop that started that farming process. The oldest proven records of brewing are about 6,000 years old and refer to the Sumerians. Sumeria lay between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers including Southern Mesopotamia. It is said that the Sumerians discovered the fermentation process by chance. No one knows today exactly how this occurred, but it could be that a piece of bread or grain became wet and a short time later, it began to ferment The Sumerians were able to repeat this process and are assumed to be he first civilized culture to brew beer. They had discovered a "divine drink" which certainly was a gift from the gods. The word beer comes from the Latin word bibere, meaning "to drink", and the Spanish word cerveza originates from the Greek goddess of agriculture, Ceres. A vitamin-rich porridge, used daily, beer is reported to have increased health and longevity and reduced disease and malnutrition. The self-medicating properties of alcohol-rich beer also eased the tensions and stresses of daily living in a hostile world. The use of yeast was not yet known at that time. The success of the fermentation process was left to chance, as the brewers unknowingly relied on yeast particles in the air. Considerable scientific research took place in breweries in the 19th century. A famous work from 1876 by Louis Pasteur was Studies Concerning Beer where he revealed his knowledge of micro-organisms. By establishing that yeast is a living microorganism, Pasteur opened the gates for accurately controlling the conversion of sugar to alcohol.

Politics In Cyber Space: The Effects Of Cyber Campaigning Essay

Overview   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   At the turn of the 21st century, the Internet has placed the world into a massive breakthrough by use of computer-generated communication, as observed by social science experts. In addition, the Internet has also become the central source of information all through out the world.   This has drastically affected the global culture- on people’s attitudes, perspectives, and preferences. In this light, the Internet has drastically affected the political scenario within countries across the world, to the extent that politicians have used the Internet in their political activities. On the other hand, people’s attitudes and preferences towards politically-related matters—preferred candidates, political way of thinking, etc. — have been influenced by cyber media.  Ã‚   However, the accessibility to cyber technology has also negatively affected the political arena across the world. This paper will discuss these effects.   Leading to the conclusion, as this paper will discuss, is the capability of cyberspace to absorb the manipulative and controllable stream of communication as divergent and convergent for the dealings of man towards his role in society. Rationale What is cyberspace? The cyberspace may be defined as virtual domain that consists of virtual life and virtual society. The virtual dimension of cyberspace counterbalances the factual activities, appearance and circumstance of life and society. The only material form that exists in cyberspace is the physical manipulation of computer-generated data reinvented by man. What does cyberspace predispose? The question on what does cyberspace predispose are needs, interests and benefits. To which, cyberspace becomes the interactive convergence for private and public disposition. It may be defined as a labyrinth to the flow of information and communication.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Using the information technology through the telephone, specifically mobile phones and through the Internet, world-wide communication has become convenient. The digital feature in telephone and Internet communication has gone far from the cable networking of the analog telephony.   The satellite signals are transmitted through cyberspace with accuracy, limited by boundaries of time and space. Hence, cyberspace predisposes interaction and reaction of the physical existence of man in a society. What does cyberspace bring to the society? The so-called virtual world exist a virtual society through intelligent manipulation of man. In which, the virtual society manifest the physical appearance of effects from various material response of people to information. The information as absorbed by the physical world will be processed through intellectual configuration, interpretation and comparison to factual and real-time resemblance. The processed information returns to the cyberspace as Internet and digital communication system is utilized for information sharing and communication.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The cobweb of process as absorbed by the physical world is a continuing cycle within cyberspace. For example, the information that tells the winning potential of a political candidate may get the edge as far as popularity is concerned and the added advantage of earning public support. Measuring the Cyber Power The measure that people and society has achieved is by quantifiable utilization of the Internet through information sharing and communication. The effects are the impacts towards the socio-economic-political structure of society. It influences the physical traits, behaviors, likings and inclination of people. For example, Internet communication through the online messaging system brings the user-to-user a distanced discussion and conclusion. In this case, physical knowledge is motivated. Cyber power may involve various components and uses. The need, interest and benefits are among the parameters that bring relevance to achieve such. This means that people and society are the major stakeholders of such parameters according to conditions and circumstances. Evolution on the uses of Internet   Aside from the practical use of Internet in tallying votes to aid retrieval of election results, the use of online voting have been the most recent innovation which governments, specifically the United States, has been using . However, for third world countries, online voting is still in the process. The trend brought about by cyber politics indicates a new trend in elections.   This is most evident in some western countries wherein their elections depend largely upon the Internet. This has brought about a great increase of the younger voting population- or those who use the Internet more frequently against older members of the population who likewise depend on secondary information from the former. Unfortunately, as observed in cyber discussion rooms, participants were focused more on the personal lives of the candidates rather than the political platform. This attitude of voters may be tracked down from the intriguing aspect of electoral proceeding wherein candidates are known based on their social background. Candidates now spend a part of their campaign funds for Internet campaigning. Political campaigning has veered towards Internet and mobile phone utilization. Within Asia, the Philippines is among the third world countries known to have adverse electoral exercises. The voting population is influenced by the Internet; the proximity of effect to the voting population is tremendous as the cyber information is revealed by the broadcast and television media. Meanwhile, in other developing countries, political candidates rely on two-fold campaign strategies by using cyber campaigns and physical organizing and mobilization of supporters. In cyber campaign strategy, using the Internet for posting their profiles and platform of governance is the usual approach. The additional variation to cyber campaign strategy is featured with a questionnaire and FAQ’s (frequently asked questions) for the voters. With regard to the electoral experience in Asia, a study discloses that the interactive campaign might result a non-beneficial situation to a party and candidates   because of the cost in cyber campaigning (Djupsund, G. And Carlson, T., 2001). In other aspects of cyber campaigns relative to other governmental functions, the facilitation of immigration has found the Internet as the most useful procedure. The online application configures the capacity of work and manning of immigrants. It likewise systematizes the institutional facilities and space that may be occupied by massive influx of physical applicants. The enactment of laws is now also influenced by the Internet. Again, dissemination of information is being channeled to the Internet for public opinion and online ratification. Although this process is a minimal venue for third world economies that still rely to the traditional media outfit of television, broadcast and journal. The potential risks in cyber politics Having democratic process is having political system that permits the citizens to partake in the electoral processes and   knowing the pros and cons of candidates as well as its political agenda, personal beliefs and more so the personality. The election period is like a season wherein the citizens enjoy much the freedom to ventilate the issues concerning the candidates. Acquiring the knowledge and information from the candidates and the political party, the Internet is one of the available sources of the electorates. Over the years, the numbers of political Web sites has dramatically increased to reach the young voters that are the regular user of Internet. In the US, George Bush and Dick Cheney have their georgewbush.com as their maintained Web site. There are Web sites from both opposition and civil society groups that are created to demonstrate political parody and criticism.   This kind of Web sites however does not represent essential purposes but to delight the online public. Hence, it bears negative effect to the candidate because the information might mislead some facts and therefore decreases popularity. Another Web site was also independently created to implicitly express political opposition—to ridicule the candidate’s political stance and private life. To mention, the gwbush.com is a copy cat of the official Web site of President Bush purposely created for political demolition and scandal. In contrast, other Web sites have been created to support the political campaign of candidates. But nearly majority of the Web sites are inclined to be further deceiving than the Web sites with political parodies since more exaggerated showcase covered the true personality of the candidate. .   In effect, these kinds of Web site pose a potential risk that may lead to public confusion and harm the democratic processes bestowed upon to the electorates. The US Experience in cyber campaigning   The cyber power is an expression broadly engaged to the world mainly by scholars who have been fascinated to the extent of analyzing the capacity of using the Internet in political activities. Computer hardware including all types of software comprises the new form of media, is the main tool used in 21st century political fund raising, recruitment of volunteers and organizing political activities. The 2004 Democratic Party nomination of Howard Dean as Presidential slate has greatly used the Internet and brought about relevance to several American political parties. This event has proven that cyber campaigning is a reality. A medical practitioner by profession, Howard Dean emerged his political career from the 1982 Congressional election and won as a Congressman of Vermont.   After two terms of office as a Congressman, Howard Dean run for Vice-Governor and was elected. Subsequently, the death of the incumbent Governor has installed Dean for the gubernatorial seat and served the term of office from 1991 to 2002. He flourished on his political popularity being tagged as fiscal conservative to proportioning the budgetary appropriations of the state. He was also known as a leading advocate for ecological preservation and advancing the rights of the third sex (Open Secrets, 2006).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In 2003, the Dean supporters utilized the Internet for making up more of Dean’s popularity. The websites MeetUp.com and MoveOn.org were created for internet circulation of his political platform as well selective articles/political views. The websites has greatly encouraged the voters to participate in the forums; commonly known as Internet blogs, where Dean himself was an active blogger—posting articles and views in the Internet website. The internet blogging has drawn voter’s participation that led to the organizing of â€Å"Dean Defense Forces† (Gibson, R.K., 2004). The MoveOn.org has able to organize two million members that donated money for advertisements opposing the Bush administration and massively engaged in telephone and petition campaigns (Wolf, G., 2004). In addition to highlight the cyber campaigning of Howard Dean for the 2004 US Presidential race, the last quarter of 2003 has earned approximately 500,000 followers and raised a fund of about $7.4 million via Internet solicitations alone (Cone, E., 2003).   However, re-electionist George W. Bush won the election being the lone candidate of his party and has $200 million election funds. It may have been said by political scientists that cyber politics, like in the cyber campaigning of Howard Dean, could have gained the voters who are relying much on the Internet. But somehow, the print, television and broadcast media are more crucial instruments to consistently promote the politician. Cyber campaign and approaches The limited campaign funds and machinery of candidates and its political party have efficiently resorted to adopt ways and means of reaching out their potential voters. Likewise, independent candidates are indulging the same approaches. These approaches are a combination of using the available technology and the traditional ones. The perspective of cyber campaigning is enjoined with the traditional approaches to catching the votes, as follows:  §Ã‚  Ã‚   Telephone Messaging o  Ã‚  Ã‚   The 2004 Australian federal election massively used electronic phone messaging that bombarded phone calls to 17,  500 voters with pre-recorded campaign messages authorized by the divisional office of   Canberra Liberals (Onselen P.V., and Errington W., 2004).  §Ã‚  Ã‚   Internet use A post election study in Australia cited that 49.3% of voters rely on the Internet to search for information relevant to political issues, but only 10% reported looking for information on the election updates (Bean, C., Gow, D. and McAllister, I. 2001). o  Ã‚   Campaigning through the Internet shows that it is an electioneering tool that is less needing investment on money and people (Gibson, R., 2004). Internet is an efficient communication channel with lesser cost affordable by independent candidate and minority party that are sometime being isolated by the print and television media groups. And also able to distribute uncensored information to the voters. Electronic mail (e-mail) is also useful to immediately distribute the information to targeted voters and campaign activities to organizers/supporters.  §Ã‚  Ã‚   Advertising Media reports claimed that the major parties spent more than ever on mass-media advertising and direct mail. Direct mailing Direct mailing is still the traditional approach to reach the marginalized voters in which the unavailability, inaccessibility and incapability of Internet knowledge are the main barrier. Some Significant Findings What is more significant is the primary purpose of politicians to utilize the Internet as a trendy political wardrobe—a packaging that may fit in to the taste of the voting populace in the cyber age. In which cyber campaigning through the Internet is added to the political machinery that offers a one-stop-shop convenience for the voters to check on a particular candidate and for the candidate to feature the entire information essential to enhance the popularity. A study conducted, by the â€Å"Bivings Group† (2006), on the 2006 US election has claimed progressive increase of political candidates from 55% in 2002 to 97% in 2006. Mostly, the website owners are political personalities prospecting the Senatorial seat. It can be assessed from the study that although with the progressive increase of the politicians in using the Internet, the availing of the websites are limited only to posting their profiles and fund solicitations. Following are data cited from the study (Bivings Group, 2006): 23% engages in blogging (posting of articles/personal views); 15% uses Spanish language transcription; 5% maintain multi-media; In-between 90% and 93% has complete biographies. Cyber campaigning does not only represent the US but evolved in different parts of the world. Roh Moo-hyun successfully won the 2002 Presidential election in South Korea by disseminating email in the Internet and created a political fan club website called â€Å"Nasomo† that included mobile phone networking (Thompson, N., 2003). In the Philippines, the toppling down of the Estrada Administration in 2001 that installed Gloria Macapagal Arroyo as successor for presidency was much related to cyber campaigning. Political websites were created by various opposition groups and mobile phone campaigns using the Short Messaging System (text messaging) have massively encouraged people’s assembly that brought about an approximately one million Filipinos rallied at EDSA and known as the People Power II (Thompson, N., 2003). Likewise, the 2006 presidential re-election of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo have used the internet and mobile phones network for campaigning. In related finding, it was found that political parties in other European and Asian countries with parliamentary system of government are the common users of Internet websites for campaigning in which the popularity of the candidate is inherent to the political party’s capability to endorse and make the winning potentials of its candidate (Danyi, E., and Galacz, A., 2005). The significance of Internet on the claim as becoming appropriate, necessary and being adopted as a new age technology of the politicians may be interpreted as follows: Accessing the Internet would avoid media scrutiny that may be more intriguing, inexpressive and expensive. The use of Internet in political endorsement of candidates would always gain a win-win position to assert, deal with and assimilate in the democratic point of view of public Internet users through blogging. A wide array of multi-media tools in the Internet websites offers a preferential option for the candidate to use. The chat rooms can be created anytime for a particular topic of discussions wherein the candidate can assess the pulse rate of winning potentials; chance for soliciting public opinion to enhance political platform and strategies. Web designing is much cost-efficient and benefiting than the TV, broadcast and print media. Website maintenance efficiently innovate various promotional coverage, advertisement and designs. The website can be accessed through mobile phones of mostly young voters. The Website is lasting and continuously useful to maintain the politician’s campaign cycle. The Internet is affordable by both minority and majority parties. However, some considerations are being laid down in cyber campaigning on the economic status of the country. Unlike the European Union and the US, the developing countries in Asia, Africa and the Middle East retains the barrier in cyber campaigning. Obviously the main reason behind the barrier is the incapability of the majority of voters to avail individual acquisition of computers, Internet access and the knowledge itself to using computer. In this regard, the mobile phones are the limited source of Internet-generated information as also depending on the mobile phone models. Another consideration is the voter attitude towards an interest to access the Internet websites of politicians. In this case, the traditional approaches of politicians to earning popularity are still complemented with their personal appearances in TV and radio programs as well as print media coverage. It may be positively stated that cyber campaigning then evolves within powerful countries that has capable and responsive voting population. Notably, the Japanese politicians were the first to access cyber campaigning in 1995 and initially adopted by the US at the 1996 campaigning in the Web political advertisements and publicity (Frisk, A., 1999).    Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The cyberspace is a formidable domain where virtual and physical worlds meet. The  Ã‚   realities happen between time and space, as continuing exploits to science and technology converge. This conclusion addresses the manifestation of decadent culture to the overflowing commercialization of technology as the third world societies are vulnerable to the interest of the few. The clamor of the third world countries to the fervor of globalization has turned the tides of cyber power and uncontrolled political agenda as the economy is plundered from behind of the cyber politics.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The politics in cyberspace is the new age technology known to the interaction of man in his society, as politicians invest his wealth. Known to many that cyber campaigning is an expensive framework to win a candidacy; the effect is much crucial when politician amassed the vote as well as recuperate the election expense from the coffer of national economy. The manipulation in cyber campaigning that is carried out in the political race is perceived as enduring at the term of office.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In other perspectives of politics in cyberspace, the cyber campaigning in aspects of fostering goodwill, economic cooperation, cultural exchange and political-diplomatic relationship among nations for human security are essential attributes. Assessing the pessimistic and constructive conclusion, politics in cyberspace retains a multi-faceted democratic power of people, in which the human intellect represents. The global proliferation of the Internet must be complemented with and requires critical understanding. The critical understanding in the use of Internet, most especially in the third world economies, must surface at the required and immediate need of people. This understanding must be focused at improving the economic resources of a country and the values of people. Likewise, the global proliferation of the Internet may be used as an instrument for constant disparity based on the social, economic and political condition of people and country. Although the fundamental concern is to enhance the delivery of basic services to the indigent, a conflicting outcome may possibly transpire the gap of selectiveness, cultural homogeneity of culture, and fracture of societal unity and customary understanding. Thus, this might be a basic social issue that be given significance in the social perspective. A synergy of initiatives between governmental and non-governmental organizations should be created as a means of expanding the social awareness of the public users that may promote sustainable development education approaches for better understanding, consciousness and responsibility in the use of Internet. In effect, a more responsive and participative people shall impart in the empowerment of governance and socio-economic-political stability. 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